What determines Climate Summers are caused by a

What determines Climate?

Summers are caused by • a. a combination of longer days and more direct rays from the sun. • b. less direct rays from the sun. • c. longer days and longer nights. • d. Earth in its orbit moving closer to the sun.

The seasons are caused by • a. Earth’s varying distance from the sun. • b. Earth’s changing rate of rotation. • c. the tilt of Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the sun. • d. shifting climates on Earth’s surface.

Climates are classified according to two major factors: • • a. b. c. d. elevation and precipitation. latitude and temperature. elevation and latitude. precipitation and temperature.

The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and cloud in an area are known as its • • a. b. c. d. climate. weather. global warming. seasons.

The three kinds of temperate marine climates all have • • a. b. c. d. severe winters. mild winters. rainy summers. little rainfall and high temperatures.

Clues to what ancient climates were like come from all of the following EXCEPT • • a. b. c. d. fossil trees. very old weather records. fossil tree rings. ancient plant pollens.

During an ice age, Earth’s sea level • • a. b. c. d. rises. lowers. remains unchanged. rises and lowers rhythmically.

Some scientists theorize that continental movements may cause climate changes by • a. changing patterns of winds and ocean currents. • b. shifting the equatorial and temperate zones. • c. altering the makeup of the troposphere. • d. redistributing Earth’s vegetation.

Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has • a. decreased slightly. • b. increased until recently, and then decreased. • c. increased steadily. • d. stayed about the same.

Increased carbon dioxide may cause global warming by • a. allowing more sunlight into the atmosphere. • b. reflecting more sunlight from clouds. • c. reducing the amount of oxygen in the air. • d. trapping more heat in the atmosphere.

Earth’s ozone layer • a. has thickened over the past several years. • b. filters harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. • c. exists only over Antarctica. • d. traps carbon dioxide in the stratosphere.

The sun’s rays are least direct • • a. b. c. d. near the poles. near the equator. at high altitudes. far from the ocean.

The climate zones lying between 23. 5° and 66. 5° north and south latitude are called the • • a. b. c. d. temperate zones. polar zones. tropical zones. subtropical zones.

Scientists predict that banning the use of chlorofluorocarbons will • • a. b. c. d. have no effect on the ozone layer. gradually restore the ozone layer. increase ultraviolet light reaching Earth. increase the rate of ozone depletion.

The climate on the leeward side of a mountain differs from that on the windward side mostly in • • a. b. c. d. the strength of the winds. the direction of the winds. the angle of sunlight. the amount of rainfall.

Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the season are called • • a. b. c. d. savannas. prevailing westerlies. monsoons. doldrum winds.

Near the end of both March and September, • a. spring begins in both hemispheres. • b. the sun’s rays strike Earth with the same intensity everywhere. • c. Earth’s axis is no longer pointing at the North Star. • d. neither end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun.

A tropical wet climate exists in the United States only in • • a. b. c. d. Oregon and Washington. Florida. Hawaii. California.

Regions that receive less than 25 centimeters of rain annually are called • • a. b. c. d. tundras. savannas. deserts. steppes.

A temperate continental climate with short cool summers and long, bitterly cold winters is the • • a. b. c. d. polar climate. subarctic climate. humid continental climate. tundra climate.

Permafrost and mosses, lichens, and wildflowers are common in the • • a. b. c. d. tundra climate. subtropical climate. temperate climate. ice cap climate.

El Niño is a weather pattern that forms in the • • a. b. c. d. polar Pacific Ocean. tropical Atlantic Ocean. polar Atlantic Ocean.

. An El Niño event typically occurs every • • a. b. c. d. year. 1– 4 years. 2– 7 years. 7– 10 years.

______ temperature zones occur between tropical and polar zones. • • temperate polar tropical climate

Because of its high _________, Mount Kilimanjaro has a cool climate all year. • • altitude latitude temperature mass

The ______ Hemisphere receives fewer direct rays from the sun in January than in July. • • South Eastern North Western

Because Earth’s axis is __________, the hemispheres receive different amounts of solar energy at different times. • • bent tilted curved is moving

Trees do not grow in the __________ climate region, which has short, cool summers, bitterly cold winters, and permafrost. • • savanna highlands tundra desert

A cool type of climate called __________ is found at the tops of mountains and is surrounded by other climate regions. • • savanna highlands tundra desert

__________ are forests in which plenty of rain falls all year. • • savanna tundra rainforest desert

Tundra and ice cap climates are examples of ______ climates. • • rainy tropical polar maritime

Ancient plant ______ found in lake bottoms provides scientists with evidence about ancient climates.

Scientists observe thickness of a tree’s ______ to learn about past climate conditions.

During cold periods called __________, large parts of Earth’s surface were covered with sheets of ice.

One possible explanation for past climate changes is the movement of Earth’s _______from their previous positions.

Climate changes may be linked to changes in the number of ____on the surface of the sun.

People add the greenhouse gas _______ to the atmosphere by burning wood, oil, natural gas, and coal.

The gradual increase in the temperature of the atmosphere is known as. ____

Humans have damaged the ozone layer by using _______in refrigerators and spray cans.