What biomolecule speeds up digestion starts in the

What biomolecule speeds up digestion & starts in the mouth? ENZYMES SE: 9 C structure & function

ENZYMES • Biomolecules (proteins) that speed up a reaction • Are NOT used up during a reaction • Reactions need LESS energy in the presence of enzymes

• specific enzymes bind to specific substrates (reactants) • fit like a lock and key Product Substrate Active Site Enzyme

Specific enzymes “fit” with specific substrates like a LOCK and KEY

Types of Enzymes • Lactase breaks down lactose… What happens if you’re lactose intolerant? Your body doesn’t produce the lactase enzyme to break down lactose

What happens when your body doesn’t produce lactase? Lactose Intolerance

Enzymes & Substrates Sucrase – digests complex sugars & starches Lipase – breaks down fats in dairy products, nuts, oils & meats Protease – breaks down proteins found in meats, nuts, eggs & cheese

• Hexokinase breaks down ATP & glucose (a sugar) • Catalase breaks down proteins from animals and protists

Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed in a reaction

Less energy required means a faster reaction

What can affect the rate of reaction? Temperature, p. H & Concentration

Temperature

Effects of temperature on ezyme reaction rate

p. H

Effect of p. H on reaction rate of serrapeptase enzyme

p. H

Effects of enzyme concentration on reaction rate

Concentration