What Are We Doing With Our Biosolids Is
What Are We Doing With Our Biosolids: Is it Sustainable? Presented by: Natalie Sierra, SFPUC Bob Gillette, Carollo Engineers June 2, 2008 BACWA Biosolids Workshop
Overview u Summary of Practices u Threats to ADC u Threats to Land Application u Regional Challenges u Statewide Trends u National Trends u Sustainability
Biosolids Management and Capacities - California Long-Term Treatment 0. 5% Long-Term Storage 1. 3% Alkaline Treatment 3. 8% Pellets 0. 7% Other Disposal 0. 9% Unspecified 1. 2% Compost 16. 3% Land Application 50. 5% Incineration 2. 5% Landfill ADC 15. 4% Landfill Disposal 4. 5% Landfill-Unspecified Use 0. 4% Surface Disposal 1. 9%
Biosolids Management and Capacities - BACWA Incineration 14. 2% Compost/Pellets 0. 2% Land Application 14. 7% Surface Disposal 1. 6% Landfill Disposal 2. 8% Landfill ADC 66. 5%
Threats to ADC/Beneficial Reuse
ADC/Landfill Beneficial Reuse: General Trends u Increasing urbanization – property closer to landfills u Increasing public opposition to landfill expansion u Increasing public opposition to use of biosolids as ADC u Concern over VOC emissions from landfills u Concern over use of compostable material in landfills
Regulations - ADC u AB 2640(Huffman): No compostable organic waste as ADC, increase in fees for landfill disposal/reuse u SJVAPCD 4565: Air board restrictions eliminate the use of cake biosolids as ADC u Alameda County: Potential to add fees to organic materials sent to landfill, even if used as ADC
Result of Pressure on ADC u 2004 Survey of Landfills: – 31 Sites permitted by IWMB to receive biosolids (200 mile radius from SF) – Only 18 landfills actually accept biosolids – 9 of these landfills accept in-county material only – 4 of these landfills are disposal only – Only 5 sites will accept biosolids for reuse!!!!!
2004 Landfill Survey, Cont. u Of landfills willing to state capacity, approx. 720 wet tons/day during wet weather and 1250 wet tons/day during dry weather u BACWA agencies produce ~2, 000 wet tons/day!
Threats to Land Application
Land Application – General Trends Increasing urbanization coupled with increasing public opposition u Questions about pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in biosolids u County Ordinances that restrict biosolids land application u – Kern County – Imperial County – Solano County
DEL NORTE SISKIYOU MODOC T Y HUMBOLD TRINIT SHASTA LASSEN TEHAMA BUTTE SIERRA BA NEVADA COLUSA SU MENDOCINO TT LAKE E U Status of County Ordinances GLENN PLUMAS Y MENDOCINO PLACER R EL DORADO TO SONOMA YOLO NAPA M EN Biosolids Land Application in California OREGON DOR S ALPINE A AMA SA CR A ER AV MARIN SOLANO L SAN CA TUOLUMNE CONTRA JOAQUIN COSTA S U SA FRANCISCO ALAMEDA IPO LA IS AR M N A SAN ST A MATEO SANTA ED SA ER RC NT E D CLARA A CR M A UZ M SAN MO NO Ban on All Land Application Practical Ban on Class B Land Application Allowed Developing Ordinances No Regulations/Ordinances Enacted MO SAN BENITO NT NE VA O INYO SN RE DA F TULARE ER EY KINGS SAN LUIS OBISPO SANTA BARBARA KERN SAN BERNARDINO VENTURA LOS ANGELES ORANGE RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO AZ IMPERIAL O MEXIC
Biosolids Ordinances w/ AZ & NV Actual Ban Practical Ban Restricted Use – Class A Reasonable Developing / Implementing Restrictions None
Local Regulations – Counties Actual Class B Ban/ Practical Ban Restricted Use Reasonable Limited 1999 2003 2008 MENDOC INO
Local Regulations – Counties What’s Next?
ESCAMBIASANTA ROSA OKALOOSA HOLMES Notes: JACKSON WASHINGTON WALTON BAY LEON JEFFERSON MADISON LIBERTY WAKULLA GULF FRANKLIN • Ordinances that permit land application may have restrictions that are more severe than DEP regulations. Consult each ordinance to verify. NASSAU GADSDEN CALHOUN HAMILTON DUVAL SUWANNEE BAKER COLUMBIA TAYLOR UNION CLAY ST. BRADFORD JOHNS LAFAYETTE DIXIE ALACHUA GILCHRIST PUTNAM FLAGLER Current Status of Land Application in Florida Status of County Ordinances LEVY MARION VOLUSIA CITRUS ORANGE PASCO OSCEOLA PINELLAS HILLSBOROUGH Ban on Class B Practical Ban, Class AA Exempt Ordinance Permits Land Application No Ordinance Enacted POLK BREVARD INDIAN RIVER MANATEE No Available Sites SEMINOLE HERNANDO Practical Ban Revising Ordinance LAKE SUMTER HARDEE OKEECHOBEE ST. LUCIE HIGHLANDS SARASOTADE SOTO CHARLOTTE LEE MARTIN GLADES HENDRY COLLIER MONROE PALM BEACH BROWARD DADE
Florida Regulations u Statewide Requirements beyond EPA 503 Regulations u Terminology Class AA versus EQ u Rule Revisions is in Progress
Biosolids Management and Capacities - California Long-Term Treatment 0. 5% Long-Term Storage 1. 3% Alkaline Treatment 3. 8% Pellets 0. 7% Other Disposal 0. 9% Unspecified 1. 2% Compost 16. 3% Land Application 50. 5% Incineration 2. 5% Landfill ADC 15. 4% Landfill Disposal 4. 5% Landfill-Unspecified Use 0. 4% Surface Disposal 1. 9%
What Are Others in CA Doing? u Regional Cooperation – IEUA LACSD Composting u Agencies – Los Angeles – TIRE – Santa Margarita WD – Thermal Oxidizer – Encina - Dryer
What Are Others in CA Doing? u Private Corporations – Enertech – Ray – Compost – North Kern – Synagro – Liberty Energy – Gasification at: u Kern County u Banning u Imperial County – Another Dryer to be used to provide fuel – Nursery Products Composting – North Kern Industrial – Land Filling
Sustainability u What does sustainability mean? – It is public perception driven – Is EQ biosolids the answer? – Does it have to be a “Product” – Can we produce power with it even if we do this by incinerating it? – Is the answer want the 20 salesmen knocking on your door are selling? – How long does it hav 3 e to operate in the USA to be proven?
Sustainability u I believe that biosolids use – especially in California will continue to be a problem until we produce an EQ products. As long as biosolids still: u Look like u Smell u It like will still be considered: SLUDGE
Sustainability Public Perception Good u Class u Look A like u Smell like Bad
Sustainability Does Your Process Pass the Public Perception Test? Land application u Heat drying u Composting u Landfill ADC u Dedicated land disposal u Out of state export u Sludge to energy u Incineration/cement kiln u u Deep well injection
Sustainability Suggested Agency Approach u Multiple independent reuse alternatives u Environmentally sound practices u In-county reuse alternative
Sustainability Suggested Agency Goals u Move towards reuse with Biosolids suitable for reuse without objections from neighbors or users u Proven technology for size needed u Cost effective u Compatible with existing plant and solids processing
QUESTIONS? Natalie Sierra SFPUC - Wastewater Enterprise 1145 Market Street, 5 th Floor San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 934 -5772 NSierra@sfwater. org Robert A. Gillette Carollo Engineers 2500 Venture Oaks, Suite 320 Sacramento, CA 95833 916 -565 -4888 rgillette@carollo. com
- Slides: 29