WHAT ARE THE CAUSES CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES & CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS? 1

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EXTERNAL INTERNAL 4

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INTERNAL Because of few rules Accordingly needs& desires 6

Intrinsic motivation Political behavior Need for achievement 7

SELF DETERMINATION THEORY Theoretical link between intrinsic motivation and participation in political behavior 8

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION • goal-directed behavior • positive effect on security • needs for assure 9

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT • attain a high standard for the purpose of excel one’s self • High need for achievement • need of fulfillment of request success 10

EXTERNAL REASONS 11

AMBIGUIT Y COMPLEXI TY POLITICAL BEHAVIORS COMPETIT ION OVER SCARCE RESOURCE S 12

AMBIGUITY 13

AMBIGUITY Uncertainty is everywhere! GOAL REWARD SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY OUTCOMES PROCEDURES 14

AMBIGUITY • Reward system • Cognitive dissonance COGNITIVE REWARD DISSONANCE 15

COMPLEXITY 16

COMPLEXITY • Even most ethical ones can easily betray in complex and hard situations. 17

AMBIGUITY • Sometimes even managers do not know how to evaluate employees. 18

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES 19

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES • FINITE TIME • FINITE RESOURCES • FINITE REWARDS • FINITE OPPORTUNITIES 20

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• WIN-AT-ALL-COSTS! 22

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS Internal and External Causes Internal and External Impacts Individual and Organizational Outcomes

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS External Causes Internal Causes Impacts of External Causes: • Whistle – blowing • Lawsuits • Leaking info Impacts of Internal Causes: • Exchange of Favors • Reprisals • Obstructionism • Symbolic Protest

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS Whistle – blowing & Leaking Info • Expand resources by going outside of organization and attempting to involve outsiders. • Make top management realized and fulfilled employees’ demand. Lawsuits & • Social set-ups that can be resolved through peaceful discussions and mutual understanding. Indirect Voice Obstructionism Exchange of Favors, Reprisals & Symbolic Protest • Standing against top management by lower level of organizations • Limited participation in policy-making process, • Utilize resources within the organization • When comparatively greater positional power Source: Latif, Abdul, Zain Ul Abideen, and Muhammad Suhail Nazar. “Individual Political Behaviors in Organizational Relationship. ” Journal of Politics and Law. Canada: Canadian Centre of Science and Education. March, 2011.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS Positive Impacts of Political Behaviors vs. Negative Impacts of Political Behaviors Less Organizatio nal Efficiency & Less Organizatio nal Performance More Motivation & Higher Performa nce More Attention o n Tasks & More Individual Efficiency Employee Withd rawals & Absenteeism & L oss of Workforce Less Loyalty of E mployees & Not Sharing Info rmation and Abilities Flattery to Achie ve Individual Goals & Calumniating Oth ers fo Individual Benefit r s Source: Adams, Garry, and Dareen C. Treadway, and Lee P. Stepina. “The Role of Disposition in Politics Perception Formulation: The Predictive Capacity of Negative and Positive Affectivity, Equity Sensitivity, and Self-Efficacy. ” Journal of Managerial Issues. 2008.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS WHAT CAN BE DONE TO OVERCOME NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS? - Objective applications, - Written and certain rules, - Rational and equitable criteria to evaluate, - Available communication channels, - Encourage employees to participate, - Precautions against backbreaking towards others, - Psychological supports, - Awareness of the reality. Source: Demirel, Yavuz, and Zeliha Seçkin. “Investigating Organizational Political Behaviors: The Case of the Health Sector in Kyrgyzstan”. USAK, 2009.

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR • Research was done by Güler İslamoğlu and Deniz Börü – Marmara University • Aim: Finding most important political behaviors • Sample Size: 350 people – - Different organizations in İstanbul – - Just applied to voluntaries – - Ages between 23 -52 – - Approximately 10 years working experience • Method: Survey 28

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR • Definition was given: Political behavior is • -Not consistent with organization’s norms • -Serving to individual benefits • -Contrary to organization’s goals • Then, asked; – - 5 important political behaviors 29

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR Top 5 answers: 1 -Making concessions and dissembling - Saying something behind one’s back - Speak well of boss 2 -Ingratiating oneself with somebody - Close relationship with top management 3 -Forming a coalition - Getting support of others to promote 30

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 4 -Looking after one’s benefits - If you do it for me, I can do more for you. 5 -Making up to top management -Attending all the social activities that is arranged by top management - Wearing according to top manager’s liking 31

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