WHAT ARE THE CAUSES CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES & CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS?

01 WINTER Template

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03 WINTER Template EXTERNAL INTERNAL

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INTERNAL 05 WINTER Because of Template few rules Accordingly needs& desires

06 Intrinsic motivation WINTER Template Political behavior Need for achieveme nt

SELF DETERMINATION THEORY 07 WINTER Template Theoretical link between intrinsic motivation and participation in political behavior

INTRINSIC MOTIVATIO N 08 WINTER Template • goal-directed behavior • positive effect on security • needs for assure

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT 09 WINTER • Attain a high standard for the Template purpose of excel one’s self • High need for achievement • Need of fulfillment of request success

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT 10 WINTER Using and having networking ability Template

EXTERNAL REASONS 11

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EXTERNAL REASONS AMBIGUITY COMPLEXITY POLITICAL BEHAVIORS COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES 13

AMBIGUITY 14

AMBIGUITY Uncertainty is everywhere! GOAL REWARD SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY OUTCOMES PROCEDURES 15

AMBIGUITY COGNITIVE REWARD DISSONANCE 16

COMPLEXITY 17

STANFORD EXPERIMENT • Even most ethical ones can easily betray in complex and hard situations. 18

19 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Sometimes even managers do not know how to evaluate employees.

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES 20

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES • FINITE TIME • FINITE RESOURCES • FINITE REWARDS • FINITE OPPORTUNITIES 21

22 WIN-AT-ALL-COSTS!

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS Internal and External Causes Internal and External Impacts Individual and Organizational Outcomes 23

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS 24 External Causes Internal Causes Impacts of External Causes: • Whistle – blowing • Lawsuits • Leaking info Impacts of Internal Causes: • Exchange of Favors • Reprisals • Obstructionism • Symbolic Protest

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS 25 Whistle – blowing & Leaking Info • Expand resources by going outside of organization and attempting to involve outsiders. • Make top management realized and fulfilled employees’ demand. Lawsuits & • Social set-ups that can be resolved through peaceful discussions and mutual understanding. Indirect Voice Obstructionism • Standing against top management by lower level of organizations • Limited participation in policy-making process, Exchange of Favors, • Utilize resources within the organization Reprisals & Symbolic Protest • When comparatively greater positional power Source: Latif, Abdul, Zain Ul Abideen, and Muhammad Suhail Nazar. “Individual Political Behaviors in Organizational Relationship. ” Journal of Politics and Law. Canada: Canadian Centre of Science and Education. March, 2011.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS Positive Impacts of Political Behaviors vs. 26 Negative Impacts of Political Behaviors Less Organizatio nal Efficiency & Less Organizatio nal Performance More Motivation & Higher Performa nce More Attention o n Tasks & More Individual Efficiency Employee Withd rawals & Absenteeism & L oss of Workforce Less Loyalty of E mployees & Not Sharing Info rmation and Abil ities Flattery to Achie ve Individual Goa ls & Calumniating Oth ers for Individua l Benefits Source: Adams, Garry, and Dareen C. Treadway, and Lee P. Stepina. “The Role of Disposition in Politics Perception Formulation: The Predictive Capacity of Negative and Positive Affectivity, Equity Sensitivity, and Self-Efficacy. ” Journal of Managerial Issues. 2008.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS 27 WHAT CAN BE DONE TO OVERCOME NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS? - Objective applications, - Written and certain rules, - Rational and equitable criteria to evaluate, - Available communication channels, - Encourage employees to participate, - Precautions against backbreaking towards others, - Psychological supports, - Awareness of the reality. Source: Demirel, Yavuz, and Zeliha Seçkin. “Investigating Organizational Political Behaviors: The Case of the Health Sector in Kyrgyzstan”. USAK, 2009.

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 28 • Research was done by Güler İslamoğlu and Deniz Börü – Marmara University • Aim: Finding most important political behaviors • Sample Size: 350 people – – - Different organizations in İstanbul - Just applied to voluntaries - Ages between 23 -52 - Approximately 10 years working experience • Method: Survey

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 29 • Definition was given: Political behavior is • -Not consistent with organization’s norms • -Serving to individual benefits • -Contrary to organization’s goals • Then, asked; – - 5 important political behaviors

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 30 Top 5 answers: 1 -Making concessions and dissembling 2 -Ingratiating oneself with somebody 3 -Forming a coalition 4 -Looking after one’s benefits 5 -Making up to top management

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR Consequences : 2 common answers collected • Not Sharing Information • Less Trust Between Employees 31

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ANY QUESTIONS? 35