What are some of the problems you think

• What are some of the problems you think America will experience as it grows in size and population? Bell Ringer

Growth and Conflict

A “Second War for Independence” � Causes of the War of 1812: � British impressment � Embargo of 1807 � Bad deal with Napoleon

War of 1812 • “War hawks”: Western members of Congress who were demanding we go to war • The U. S. lost most of the early battles; the British burned D. C. to the ground

The Corrupt Bargain - 1824

Take notes on the following topics: • How Jackson was the champion of the common man • Elements of Jacksonian Democracy • The Whigs • Nullification Crisis • Indian Removal • The Bank War • The spoils system

COMING TO AMERICA Early immigration issues

Irish - 1847 Germans - 1848 • Mainly Catholic • Moved to crowded slums in major cities • Mainly Protestant • Moved to farmlands of the Midwest Which one will be more accepted? Why? Immigration Issues

Nativism Rears Its Ugly Head • Nativism: Antiimmigration belief, favoring the “native” citizens of a country. • WASPs in the United States • American Party/“Know. Nothings”

THE MARKET REVOLUTION The growth of America’s industry

• Samuel Slater: “The Father of Factory System”; first spinning machine • Eli Whitney • Cotton Gin • South expands slavery to meet demands • Interchangeable parts • North expands factories to manufacture finished goods The Market Revolution

The American System • Introduced by Henry Clay • A strong banking system. • Set up a protective tariff to boost American industry. • Build a strong transportation network of roads and canals.

Results of the American System Erie Canal Cumberland Road The Locomotive

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny- Common American belief that the nation was meant to spread across the continent.

Early Territorial Expansion

• Missouri wants to join the U. S. as a slave state • Would upset the balance of political power in Congress • The Missouri Compromise: • Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state Free 36° 30’ --------------Slave Missouri is a Sticky Subject

American Territorial Expansion

RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL, AND MORAL REFORM Becoming “Better” Americans

�The Second Great Awakening (1830 s) grew as a reaction to the industrial age (believing too much in science, and letting greed and vice overcome their lives). More widely spread than 1 st G. A. Widespread belief that the second coming of Christ was near Encouraged evangelicalism Led to other moral reforms Reviving Religion

• Led by Charles Grandison Finney • “Burned Over District”: Area of NY that ran out of people to convert • Churches split over slavery • Numerous new religions Reviving Religion

• Founded by Joseph Smith • Kicked out of NY • Led by Smith and Brigham Young to Utah Territory • Persecuted over religious and political practices Latter Day Saints (AKA: LDS, Mormons)

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS

�Free public education was not popular in the early 1800 s People questioned why their tax money was being spent on teaching another person’s child �Jacksonian Democracy began to change opinions More people could vote, so children needed education to be knowledgeable voters �Teachers were ill-educated and ill-trained themselves �African Americans were largely ignored Public Education

� 2 nd Great Awakening spawned educational reform (necessary for reading the Bible) �Higher education for women had been taboo • Were afraid it would corrupt women, and therefore corrupt children and families • New colleges for women began opening; Mount Holyoke Seminary (1837) Changes to Higher Education

• The reform movement sought to eliminate a multitude of sins: • Cruelty, war, alcohol, discrimination, and slavery • Middle-Class women were often the motivation behind these movements • Cult of Domesticity: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity The Reform Movement

• States gradually abolished debtors' prisons due to public demand. Criminal codes and penalties were softened in hopes of reforming the wrong-doer. The number of capital offenses was being reduced. An Age of Reform

• Conducted a statewide investigation of how Massachusetts cared for the insane poor. Unregulated and underfunded, this system produced widespread abuse. "I proceed, Gentlemen, briefly to call your attention to the present state of Insane Persons confined within this Commonwealth, in cages, stalls, pens! Chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. " • Traveled the country, visiting different asylums; her protests resulted in improved conditions for the mentally ill. Dorothea Dix

• Reformers wanted to ban alcohol and end drunkenness. • Men wasted money, missed work, beat their wives, committed crimes, and ruined the good Christian name • Reformers were largely women, clergymen, and members of Congress. • The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826. Temperance Movement

• Feminists met at Seneca Falls, New York in a Woman's Rights Convention in 1848. • Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • “The Declaration of Sentiments” argued that all men and women were created equal • It demanded female suffrage Women in Revolt

• Transcendentalism: An intellectual movement that argued that knowledge transcends (rises above) just the senses. • Associated traits included self-reliance, selfculture, and self-discipline. • People were thought to reach an inner light and touch the “Oversoul” (something akin to God) • Henry David Thoreau: transcendentalist who believed that one should reduce his bodily wants so as to gain time for a pursuit of truth through study and meditation. • Spent two years living in the woods living off only what he could produce (“Walden: Or Life in the Woods”). • On the Duty of Civil Disobedience – greatly influenced Gandhi and MLK Transcendentalism

Extra Information

Jackson as a Hero of the Common Man • Andrew Jackson was born among the common people rather than the elite of society • His parents were poor Irish immigrants • Fought in the Revolutionary War at 13 • “Vote for a man who can fight, not for Adams who can write. ”

• At his inauguration gala, he opened the White House doors so his supporters could celebrate. • Many states lowered or even eliminated the requirement that men own property to vote • Spoils System: The practice of rewarding political supporters with public office • Out of Jackson’s popularity, the former Democratic-Republican party was renamed the Democratic party. Jackson’s Democracy

• “Tariff of Abominations” • John C. Calhoun wrote the "South Carolina Exposition“ - said that the states could nullify (void) the tariff. • Congress passed a lower tariff • Force Bill (AKA "Bloody Bill”): authorized the president to use force if necessary to collect the tariff. Nullification Crisis

�Jackson wanted control of Indian lands East of the Mississippi to open for white settlement. �In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act Solving the “Indian Problem”

• The Cherokee hoped to avoid removal by assimilating to American ways of government, education, religion, and agriculture. • In the end this was not enough to protect the Cherokee; the Cherokee sued the government for their freedom • Worcester v. Georgia - Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia law had no power to remove the Cherokee “John Marshall has made his ruling, let him enforce it!” Solving the “Indian Problem”

• In 1838 and 1839, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. • The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears. ” • The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. • Over 4, 000 out of 15, 000 of the Cherokees died. Trail of Tears

• Many opponents felt Jackson had overstepped his bounds as President • Whigs: A political party originally formed to oppose Jackson • Congress over the President • Modernization • Economic protectionism King Andrew I

Van Buren Harrison A Succession of Failures Tyler

King Andrew the First. Use the political cartoon to answer ONLY A, DO NOT ANSWER B, and C. You may use Google and/or each other. A) Briefly explain the point of view of the political cartoon. B) Explain ONE specific piece of evidence that supports the point of view of the political cartoon. C) Explain ONE specific piece of evidence that refutes the point of view of the political cartoon. • (Your answer should be three strong sentences that answer the prompt (A. P. ))