What are proteins Hair Fur Muscles Chemical messengers

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What are proteins? ? ? ● Hair ● Fur ● Muscles ● Chemical messengers

What are proteins? ? ? ● Hair ● Fur ● Muscles ● Chemical messengers between cells ● And more…. ● Most diverse functions of any of the macromolecules we have discussed!!!

PROTEIN: a POLYMER constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers called

PROTEIN: a POLYMER constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers called AMINO ACIDS.

AMINO ACID: consists of a CENTRAL CARBON ATOM bonded to FOUR PARTNERS. THREE of

AMINO ACID: consists of a CENTRAL CARBON ATOM bonded to FOUR PARTNERS. THREE of these partners ARE always THE SAME. • The side group or FOURTH PARTNER is different.

Proteins must be PRECISELY TWISTED, FOLDED, and COILED into a UNIQUE SHAPE in order

Proteins must be PRECISELY TWISTED, FOLDED, and COILED into a UNIQUE SHAPE in order to work. (Ball of yarn vs. a sweater, same material different functions) • DENATURATION: change in temperature, p. H, or some other quality of the environment that CAUSES A PROTEIN TO UNRAVEL and LOSE ITS NORMAL SHAPE. EXAMPLE Cooking an egg: the egg white changes from a clear liquid to a white solid during cooking because heat denatures the egg’s proteins.

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS • Used in BODY STRUCTURES Examples: hair, fingernails, muscle fibers • Responsible

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS • Used in BODY STRUCTURES Examples: hair, fingernails, muscle fibers • Responsible for TRANSPORT Example: Hemoglobin, a protein, transports O 2 in the blood • FIGHT DISEASE Example: Antibodies are proteins that attach to foreign molecules to provoke immune response • CHEMICAL MESSENGERS Example: Insulin, a hormone, regulates the level of glucose in your blood • ENZYMES control reaction rates

NUCLEIC ACIDS NUCLEIC ACID: large nitrogen-containing polymers found mainly in the nuclei of cells.

NUCLEIC ACIDS NUCLEIC ACID: large nitrogen-containing polymers found mainly in the nuclei of cells. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA): POLYMER built from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES and contains the sugar deoxyribose. (There are only four nucleotides that make up DNA: A, T, C, and G. ) NUCLEOTIDE

NUCLEIC ACIDS • DNA Stores HEREDITARY INFORMATION • CONTROLS ACTIVITIES of cells (tells the

NUCLEIC ACIDS • DNA Stores HEREDITARY INFORMATION • CONTROLS ACTIVITIES of cells (tells the cell what proteins to build) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA): POLYMER built from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES and contains the sugar ribose. • Works with DNA to BUILD PROTEINS

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS NEUROTRANSMITTERS VOCABS Neurotransmitters chemical messengers thatCHEMICAL MESSENGERS NEUROTRANSMITTERS VOCABS Neurotransmitters chemical messengers that
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