WHAP Review Period 1 to 600 BCE Technological
WHAP Review Period 1 to 600 BCE Technological and Environmental Transformations, to c. 600 BCE 1. 1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth 1. 2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies 1. 3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies
The Way Way Back • 13. 7 Billion ago Big Bang? • 4. 6 Billion ago Earth created • 2. 5 Million First Homonids • 200 K ago first Homo Sapiens • Very Loooong period of Hunter & Gatherers • 10 K ago Transition to Agri • Revloution? ?
Obligatory Homo S Spread Map
Neolithic Revolution • 10 K ago First agri-socieites • ? Climate change pressure • Eastern Medit. • INDEPENDENTLY • Examples • River Valley Meso, Nile, Indus, Yellow, • Others – Sub-Sah Africa, New Guinea, Mesoamer, Andes • Domesticate Crops & Animals – see map • Pastoralism • Ag Communities = Towns Organized Society • Cooperation, impact on environment
Early Ag Societies
Things You Gotta Know (Learning Objectives) 1. How humans used tools/tech to set up communities 2. Compare Hunter & Foragers (gatherers) to Pastoralists to Settled Ag. Societies use of & impact on environment 3. How environment influenced migration & settlement 4. How migrations impacted environment 5. Use of tech to overcome geo barriers 6. Relationship btw states/govs & those w/o (nomads) 7. + & - of foraging, agri & pastoralists 8. Role of pastoralists, traders/travelers in diffusion of crops, animals, & tech
1. 2 Ag & Pastoral Transform Societies • More reliable food source (? ) • Pop. Increase • Specialized Labor • Social Stratification • Patriarchy (Gender Inequity) • New Tech • Pottery, plow, Textiles, Wheel, Metals
How does this show Labor the changes? Specialized Increased Pop More Food Patriarchy New Tools Social Stratification Metallurgy
Develop. of Early Ag, Pastor, Urban Societies • Ag surplus to development • Geography is the key • Rivers, natural plants & animals allow for it
First States • • Mesopotamia c. 5000 BCE Tig & Euprh Rivers Grain Control Floods, Irrigation Villages, Cities, City-States Cuneiform Religion – Ziggurat Gov’t – Kings • Social Classes • Sargon, Hammurabi, Nebucha. . • Trade – Egypt & Indus, + • • Egypt c. 3000 BCE Nile Grain, cotton Predictable, gradual flood Villages, few cities Hieroglyphs (from cuneif? ) Religion – Pyramids, Pharoah Gov’t - centralized after Menes • Social Classes • 3 Kingdoms • Old – Pyramids • Mid – Pharoahs • New Empire expanded • Trade – SWAsia, Nubia+, Indus
KC 1. 3 Interaction • States grow need more land/resources • New groups move in • Hittites- (Iron) invade • Other pastoralists – Indo-Euro • Spread ideas – Iron, language, religion • Composite bow, weapons • Horses & chariots
Culture Unifies – Monumental Architecture • Ziggurats • Pyramids • Temples • Defensive Walls • Streets & Roads • Sewage & Water Systems
Systems of Record Keeping (Writing) • Writing = History (yeah inventor of writing) • Cuneiform from? • Hieroglyphs from? • Pictographs used? • Ideographs? What? • Alphabets from? • Quipu from?
Culture Unified – Law Codes • Code of Ur-Nammu 2100 BCE • Code of Hammurabi 1750 BCE • Code of Moralai 2012 CE
Trade Routes Lead to Development • Meso & Egypt • Egypt & Nubia • Meso & Indus
New Social Structures • Egypt • Meso • Maya • China • Patriarchy
End of Period 1 to 600 BCE 1. 1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth 1. 2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies 1. 3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies
- Slides: 18