WHAP Egyptians Egyptian civilization 3100 BCE 525 BCE

WHAP Egyptians

Egyptian civilization 3100 BCE -525 BCE (Conquered by Persians) River Valley (irrigation) Nile used for trade, transportation (current north, winds south) Isolated (surrounded by desert= protection) Seasonal flooding Long distance trade in Mediterranean sea, traded gold, linens, leather, silver for ebony, ivory, cattle, slaves and cosmetics

Egypt Map

Egyptian Civilization Pharaoh- considered a god and king (theocracy) Their word is law- considered to be reincarnations of sky god Horus, maintain the ma'at (divinely controlled order of the universe) Egypt centralized government (all power to pharaoh) governors and other officials carry on public works

Egypt, Horus (pictured) Menes- believed to be first pharaoh (3100 BCE)

Egypt Political Old Kingdom (3100 - 2500 BCE) Pharaohs most powerful, strong economy, first great pyramid built. Collapse due to drought, famine and rise of noble class authority. Middle Kingdom (2100 -1650 BCE) extensive trade, small middle class of merchants and officials develop, focus on art and religion, period ends with being conquered by the Hyksos (modern day Turkey) due to technology (horse drawn chariots, etc. )

Egypt New Kingdom (1550 -700 BCE) Princes from Thebes regain control, period of aggressive expansion ( Syria, Palestine, Nubia) weakened by invasions (Kushites, Assyrians) leads to collapse Social mobility possible (military, bureaucracy) Slaver existed on small scale (debtors, p. o. w. ) Patriarchy- society dominated by men but women status higher than other ancient civilizations (female Pharaoh Hatsheput 1473 -1458 BCE) could own property, divorce, pursue legal disputes, etc.

Map, Hatsheput

Egypt Religion, Technology Hieroglyphics- picture writing system written on papyrus Amon-Re- Sun God Pharoah Ahkenaten- attempted to convert Egypt to montheism, worship of god Aten (supreme God) Isis- Goddess of the Nile & fertility Osiris- ruler of the afterlife Book of the Dead- funereal rituals (read excerpt The Negative Confession Mummification- body preservation

Hieroglyphics, Amun-Re, Isis, Osiris