West and Central Asia 500 B C E

West and Central Asia 500 B. C. E. -1980 C. E. Content 7 181 -191

Form Rock-cut Function Treasury Burial Temple Themes Funerary practices Content Small chambers and niches No human remains or details of exact funerary practices 31 dated tombs – no dates or objects to help with dating Inscriptions point to who was buried there Greek and Egyptian Gods/Goddesses Context Appeared in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Mesa Verde Buddha - Afghanistan Terms Hellenistic City 181. Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple. Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman. 400 bce. cut rock

Form stone (rock-cut) Paint stucco Function Religious worship Content located along the silk road Merchants and missionaries stopped along during their travels. Feet were carved in the round to allow circumambulation Context Destroyed by a iconoclastic campaign by the Taliban Themes Religious Worship Terms Rock-cut Circumambulate Buddhism Buddha 182. Buddha. Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gandharan. 400 -800 ce. cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint. . . destroyed in 2001

Form Granite Masonry Masjid Al-Haram Courtyard Content “cube” (arabic) Hajj Circumambulate, kiss & touch the stone Constructed by Abraham Function Religious Center Context Hajj, face towards Mecca for prayer Themes Religion Edited & reconstructed many times - Once covered with relief sculptures - Now has a cloth that is replaced every year - Courtyard expanded to accommodate people participating in the hajj & worship Terms Circumambulate Hajj Mecca Masjid 183. The Kaaba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. 631 -632 ce multiple renovations granite masonry

Form Metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint Function Religious pilgrimage destination Themes Religion Pilgrimage Content 5 feet tall Age 12 4 stories tall Temple of healing Constantly spinning wheel in the middle deer & wheel motifs on outside Context Kaaba Saint Foy (pilgrimage destinations) Terms Pilgrimage 184. Jowo Rinpoche, enshrined in the Jokhang Temple. Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty. Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 ce. gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint

Form Stone masonry Glazed ceramic tile Aluminum and bronze Gold Patron = Abd al-Malik Function Not a mosque Where Muhammad made sacrifice for his son Themes Religion Power Proclamation of Islam Content One of the first Islamic buildings ever constructed 2 ambulatories Where Muhammad was going to prepare a sacrifice for his son on the rock inside No figural or animal representations Inscription (787’ long) proclaims Islamic faith Context Terms Muhammad Mosque Ambublatory 185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad. 691 -692 ce. with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.

Form Stone, brick, wood, plaster, glazed ceramic tile Function Mosque, religious building Pedestrian hub Themes Religion Power Development of art over time Content Constructed from 8 th to 20 th century Situated in the middle of a city From the sky – looks like bubble wrap! Earth tones and colorful tiles motifs Context 4 -iwan mosque Terms Hypostyle hall Occulus Mihrab Qibla wall 186. Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh) Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties. 700 ce. additions and restorations in the 14 th, 18 th, and 20 th centuries ce. stone, brick, wood plaster and glazed ceramic tile

Form Ink, color, and gold on parchment Function Convey text of religion Themes Planning/composition Records Content Read right to left Vowels begun to be included to help read Brown ink Vegetation & geometric designs (animal/figural=inappropriate Context Written tradition second to oral tradition, and only used after Muhammad’s death Terms Sura = chapter Kufic script 187. Folio from a Quran. ARab, North Africa, or Near East. Abbasid. 8 th to 9 th century ce. ink, color, and gold on parchment

Form Brass inlaid with gold and silver Function Baptize children of royal family of France Themes Content Mamluk artisans Figures, animals, decorative patterning (completely covered) Sea animals on the bottom Continuous band of animals & men on horseback Rulers & coats of arms Scenes of battle 4 figures in round shapes, procession Fleur de Lis (France & Mamluk sultan) Context Islamic inscriptions Created for export Signature! Terms 188. Basin (Baptistere de St. Louis) Muhammad ibn al-Zain. 1320 -1340 ce brass inlaid with gold and silver

Form Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper Function Tell stories of ancient heroes and kings Themes Political power Intertwining of cultures Movement and rhythm Balance & energy Content Bahram slaying a beast Skilled horse rider Part of the Shahnama, Book of Kings Context Illustrated manuscripts Shahnama Alexander mosaic Terms Seljuk style 189. Bahram Gur Fights the Karg, folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama. Islamic: Persian, Il'Khanid. 13301340 ce ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper

Form Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper Function To show the life of kings Themes Miniature paintings Talent/detail Royal life/daily courts Content Manuscript took 20+ years to make 258 illustrations Surrounded by son and grandson, king addresses court below This painting took 3 years to complete Minute detail Context Illuminated manuscript Shahnama Terms Shahnama Miniature painting 190. The Court of Gayumars, folio from Shah Tahmasp's Shahnama. Sultan Muhammad. 1522 -1525 ce. ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper

Form Silk and wool Function Religious purpose, for a shrine Themes Extreme detail Luxury Artisan skill worship Content Once had a matching pair created for a shrine 340 knots per square inch (today – 80 -160 knots) Middle medallion, 4 corner pieces, rectangles for calligraphy Lamps Context Woven arts World’s oldest and largest Islamic carpets Terms Sufism = Islamic mysticism 191. The Ardabil Carpet. Maqsud of Kashan. 1539 -1540 ce. silk and wool