WENRA 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety

WENRA 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region 7 May 2015 Dr. Hans Wanner, WENRA Chairman 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner 1

Contents 01 WENRA Basic facts 02 Reactor Harmonization Working Group RHWG 03 Working Group on Waste and Decommissioning WGWD 04 WENRA’s Updated Safety Reference Levels SRLs 05 WENRA’s Additional Activities after Fukushima 06 WENRA’s Future Activities and Challenges 07 Summary and Outlook 2 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

01 WENRA Basic Facts 3 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

01 WENRA Basic Facts Origins • Informal meetings of Heads of regulatory bodies in Europe in the 1990’s • Stronger international exchange was felt to be necessary • Hence, WENRA was founded in February 1999 • WENRA assists EU Commission in assessing nuclear safety in applicant countries 4 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

01 WENRA Basic Facts Creation • Association of the Heads of nuclear regulatory authorities of the EU countries with NPP and Switzerland • Interested countries as observers • Terms of Reference: Ø Signed on 4 February 1999 Ø Revised on 14 March 2003 Ø Revised on 26 March 2015 • Chairpersons: Ø Ø Ø 5 1999 -2003: 2003 -2006: 2006 -2009: 2009 -2011: 2011 -2015: (10 members) (17 members) (18 members) A. -C. Lacoste, French Nuclear Safety Authority J. Melin, Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate D. Drábová, Czech State Office for Nuclear Safety, J. Laaksonen, Finnish Rad. & Nuclear Safety Authority H. Wanner, Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

01 WENRA Basic Facts Policy Statements • Commitment to continuous improvement of nuclear safety in our countries • Develop a common, harmonized approach to nuclear safety • Develop common safety reference levels based on IAEA standards and good practices in our countries • Regular revisions undertaken when new knowledge and experience are available 6 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

01 WENRA Basic Facts Members and Observers 18 Members - Belgium - Bulgaria - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hungary - Italy - Lithuania - Romania - Slovak Republic - Slovenia - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - The Netherlands - Ukraine - United Kingdom 7 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner 9 Observers - Armenia - Austria - Belarus - Denmark - Ireland - Luxemburg - Norway - Poland - Russian Federation

01 WENRA Basic Facts Working Groups Two technical Working Groups have been established to harmonize safety approaches with the aim to continuously improve nuclear safety: RHWG Reactor Harmonisation Working Group WGWD Working Group on Waste and Decommissioning Ad-hoc Working Groups 8 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

02 Reactor Harmonization Working Group RHWG 9 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

02 RHWG Development of SRLs • Development of Safety Reference Levels for harmonization of nuclear safety in Europe Ø Safety Reference Levels reflect standards and practices to be implemented in the WENRA countries; they are a comprehensive collection of requirements which are: • • • Brief High level Significant • Objectives of Harmonization: No substantial differences between countries in national safety requirements and in their implementation in the nuclear installations. 10 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

02 RHWG Achievements • Complete set of Reactor Safety Reference Levels published in 2006 • Revised set of 295 SRLs based on stakeholder comments published in 2008 • Revision of SRLs considering lessons learned from Fukushima Dai-ichi published in September 2014 • SRLs and related reports can be found at: www. wenra. org 11 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

03 Working Group on Waste and Decommissioning WGWD 12 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

03 WGWD Methodology Continuous improvement of nuclear safety in the field of management of waste and decommissioning Disposal Storage Umbrella Document Decommissioning Processing 13 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

03 WGWD Achievements Harmonisation of requirements in the field of radioactive waste, spent fuel storage and decommissioning Waste and Spent Fuel Storage Report on implementation of SRLs published in April 2014 Ø Development of 61 SRLs Ø Self-Assessment, Benchmarking and verification of National Action Plan has been performed Ø Consideration of stakeholder comments Waste Disposal Facilities SRL Report on implementation of SRLs (published on Website 13 January 2015). 14 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

03 WGWD Waste and Spent Fuel Storage Safety Area Safety Management Design Operation Safety verification 15 Safety Issue Responsibility Organizational structure Management System Record keeping Storage facility design requirements Handling and retrieval requirements Storage capacity Conduct of operation Emergency Preparedness Operational experience feedback Operation facility modification Maintenance, periodic testing and inspection Specific contingency plans Requirements for acceptance of waste and spent fuel packages and unpackaged spent fuel elements Contents and updating of the safety case Periodic safety review 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

03 WGWD Reports and Documents Decommissioning and Disposal Reports on implementation of Safety Reference Levels published in 2014 Report on Processing including Ø Pre-Treatment of radioactive waste Ø Conditioning of radioactive waste => Further work Umbrella Document focusing on interfaces between activities => Future work See www. wenra. org 16 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated Safety Reference Levels 17 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs Goals of the Review • Perform a full review of all SRLs (2008 version) focussing on Fukushima lessons learned • Ensure that the SRLs are internally consistent after the update • Ensure that the SRLs are still balanced 18 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs Input for the Review • • IAEA work to revise Safety Requirements (gap analysis) Conclusions of Second Extraordinary meeting of CNS ENSREG recommendations and suggestions National requirements of WENRA member countries WENRA work performed on the safety of new reactors WENRA Position Paper on PSR of April 2013 WENRA work performed in sub-groups on Ø Natural Hazards Ø Containment integrity Ø Accident Management measures • Comments provided by stakeholders 19 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs Main Changes • Review took into account explicitly: Ø Ø Ø safety culture safety of spent fuel pools sites with multiple reactors conditions at the site after an accident need for independent and diverse heat removal means beyond design basis conditions including margins • A new “issue T” dedicated to Natural Hazards has been created • Guidelines for issue E/F and issue T 20 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs Safety Management Design Operation A B C D E F G H I J K LM Safety verification Emergency preparedness Design 21 N O P Q R S T 342 Safety Policy Operating Organization Reference Levels Management System Training and Authorization of NPP staff Design Basis Envelope for Existing Reactors Design Extension of Existing Reactors Safety Classification of Structures, Systems and Components Operational Limits and Conditions Ageing Management System for Investigation of Events and Operational Experience Feedback Maintenance, In-service inspection and Functional Testing Emergency Operating Procedures and Severe Accident Management Guidelines Contents and updating of Safety Analysis Report Probabilistic Safety Analysis Periodic Safety Reviews Plant Modifications On-site Emergency Preparedness Protection against Internal Fires Natural hazards (new issue after Fukushima) 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs New Guidance Documents • New guidance document on natural hazards - Natural hazard types include earthquake, flooding, extreme values of meteorological phenomena, rare meteorological phenomena, biological and geological phenomena, forest fire • New guidance document on design extension – Design extension conditions include a comprehensive list of initiating events for DEC-A including prolonged SBO, loss of UHS, total loss of feed water, loss of active spent fuel pool cooling etc. 22 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA‘s Updated SRLs Definitions Natural Hazards Natural hazards shall be considered an integral part of the safety demonstration of the plant (including spent fuel storage). Threats from natural hazards shall be removed or minimised as far as reasonably practicable for all operational plant states. The safety demonstration in relation to natural hazards shall include assessments of the design basis and design extension conditions with the aim to identify needs and opportunities for improvement. Design Extension of existing Reactors As part of defence in depth, analysis of Design Extension Conditions (DEC) shall be undertaken with the purpose of further improving the safety of the nuclear power plant by enhancing the plant’s capability to withstand more challenging events or conditions than those considered in the design basis and minimising radioactive releases harmful to the public and the environment as far as reasonably practicable, in such events or conditions. 23 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

04 WENRA’s Updated SRLs Stakeholder Consultation • SRL published on WENRA web-page www. wenra. org for comments of stakeholders (Dec 2013 to Feb 2014) • All important European stakeholders have been informed • 142 comments received from 12 parties 24 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

05 WENRA‘s Additional Activities after Fukushima 25 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

05 WENRA After Fukushima Mutual Assistance Actions taken: • Exchange and coordination of technical and radiological assessments HERCA (Heads of the European Radiological Protection Competent Authorities) • Harmonization of Emergency Preparedness and Response in our countries together with the “Heads of the European Radiological Protection Competent Authorities” (HERCA) • Several other recommendations for cooperation and exchange of expertise 26 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

05 WENRA After Fukushima Periodic Safety Review WENRA Position Paper March 2013 see www. wenra. org 27 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

05 WENRA After Fukushima Recommendation in connection with Flaw Indications found in Belgian reactors Two-step verification of materials quality and structural integrity of reactor pressure vessels + countries feedbacks : 1. Comprehensive review of RPV manufacturing and inspection records 2. Examination of the base material of the vessels 3. Document on activities in countries following WENRA recommendation published on website www. wenra. org 28 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

05 WENRA Additional Activities RHWG • Benchmarking of European Inspection Practices, March 2011 • Pilot Study on Long Term Operation, March 2011 • Report on Safety of New NPP Designs, March 2013 see www. wenra. org 29 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

06 WENRA Future Activities and Challenges 30 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

06 WENRA Future and Challenges Future activities • Further development of SRL for existing reactors and in particular for new reactors • Further development of SRL for management of waste • Assessment of the implementation in NPP also in the context of the new EU Directive on Nuclear Safety (Topical Peer Reviews) 31 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

06 WENRA Future and Challenges • How can WENRA contribute to the implementation of the EU directives on nuclear safety and waste management? • How can the safety of NPP in embarking countries near the boarder of WENRA countries be harmonized with WENRA’s expectations? 32 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

07 Summary and Outlook 33 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

07 Summary and Outlook • In the last 15 years WENRA has achieved a high level of harmonization of nuclear safety in its member states Ø Safety Reference Levels have been reviewed with regard to the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident Ø Safety Reference Levels for the management of waste have been and will further be developed • WENRA will further strive for the common goal of continuous improvement to prevent severe accidents in NPP • Future activities of WENRA will be related to the EU directives on nuclear safety and waste management • WENRA is and will be an important actor regarding nuclear safety in Europe 34 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner

RHWG REACTOR HARMONISATION WORKING GROUP WGWD WORKING GROUP ON WASTE AND DECOMISSIONING Thank you. WENRA Dr. Hans Wanner Industriestrasse 19 5200 Brugg Switzerland Tel +41 56 460 85 68 hans. wanner@ensi. ch www. wenra. org 2 nd Consultancy Meeting on the Safety Network in the European Region | 7 May 2015 | Dr. Hans Wanner 35