WELL HEAD AND CHIRSTMASS TREE FROM POTHUKUCHI VIHAR

WELL HEAD AND CHIRSTMASS TREE FROM: POTHUKUCHI VIHAR

CHIRSTMAS TREE • CHRISTMAS TREE IS AN ASSEMBLY OF VALVES, SPOOLS , AND FITTINGS USED FOR OIL, GAS, WATER INJECTION, WATER DISPOSAL , GAS INJECTION , CONDENSATE AND OTHER TYPES • THE CHRISTMAS TREE AND THE WELLHEAD WORK TOGETHER TO BRING OIL AND GAS TO THE SURFACE • THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF A TREE IS TO CONTROL THE FLOW INTO OR OUT OF THE WELL, USUALLY OIL OR GAS

OVERVIEW • CHRISTMAS TREES ARE USED ON BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSEA WELLS. THE TYPE OF TREE AS EITHER "SUBSEA TREE" OR "SURFACE TREE". EACH HAS A NUMBER OF VARIATIONS • THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF A TREE IS TO CONTROL THE FLOW, USUALLY OIL OR GAS, OUT OF THE WELL.

TYPES OF CHRISTMAS TREES THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CHRISTMAS TRESS Y SHAPED (or) CROSS SHAPED T- SHAPED CHRISTMAS TREE

COMPONENTS OF CHRISTMAS TREE T type fitting (T-Block) Kill wing valve. Surface choke. Kill wing connection Tree cap and gauge. Tree adapter. Swab valve. Production wing valve. Surface choke. To production facilities Upper Master Valves Lower Master Valves Tubing head adapter. Production string

‘Y’ SHAPED TREE BLOCK FOR INTERGRAL PRODUCTION AND KILL VALVE TO REDUCE POTENTIAL LEAK PATH & SPACE

SURFACE CHRISTMAS TREE

SUB SEA CHRISTMAS TREE

WELL HEAD • A WELLHEAD IS THE COMPONENT AT THE SURFACE OF AN OIL OR GAS WELL THAT PROVIDES THE STRUCTURAL AND PRESSURE -CONTAINING INTERFACE FOR THE DRILLING AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT. • THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF A WELL HEAD IS TO PROVIDE THE SUSPENSION POINT AND PRESSURE SEALS FOR THE CASING STRINGS THAT RUN FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLE SECTIONS TO THE SURFACE PRESSURE CONTROL EQUIPMENT. • WHEN THE WELL HAS BEEN DRILLED, IT IS COMPLETED TO PROVIDE AN INTERFACE WITH THE RESERVOIR ROCK AND A TUBULAR PATH FOR THE WELL FLUIDS

COMPONENTS OF WELL HEAD Tubing hanger Compact spool wellhead Production casing hanger Intermediate casing hanger Conductor Surface casing Intermediate casing Production tubing

FUNCTIONS OF WELL HEAD • PROVIDE A MEANS OF CASING SUSPENSION. PROVIDES A MEANS OF TUBING SUSPENSION. • PROVIDES A MEANS OF PRESSURE SEALING AND ISOLATION BETWEEN CASING AT SURFACE WHEN MANY CASING STRINGS ARE USED. • PROVIDES A RELIABLE MEANS OF WELL

RE USE • IN OFF SHORE WELL HEAD IS LOCATED ON THE PRODUCTION PLAT FORM IT IS CALLED AS SURFACE WELL HEAD • WELL HEAD LOCATED BENEATH WATER IS REFERED TO AS A SUBSEA WELL HEAD TYPES OF WELL HEAD • LAND • SUBSEA

REFURBISHMENT OR REUSE • THROUGH A NEW SUBSEA TREE REFURBISHMENT PROGRAM. COST REDUCTIONS OF UP TO 40% WERE MADE BY ACCELERATING THE HARDWARE AVAILABILITY THROUGH THE REFURBISHMENT PROGRAM. TYPES OF WELL HEAD • LAND • SUBSEA

L A N D W E L L H E A D

SUB SEA WELL HEAD

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTER IN THIS METHOD: • THE MAIN PROBLEM WHICH WAS ARISED AT THE PRODUCTION IS KICK THAT LEADS TO BLOW OUT • ABNORMALLY HIGH FORMATION PRESSURE IS ENCOUNTERED • LOST CIRCULATION • MUD WEIGHT TOO LOW

SOLUTIONS FOR THE PROBLEMS: • SHUT OFF THE MUD PUMPS. • RAISE THE KELLY ABOVE THE BOP STACK. • OPEN THE CHOKE LINE • CLOSE THE SPHERICAL PREVENTER. • CLOSE THE CHOKE SLOWLY. • RECORD THE PIT LEVEL INCREASE. • RECORD THE STABILIZED PRESSURE ON THE DRILL PIPE (STAND PIPE) AND ANNULUS PRESSURE GAUGES. • NOTIFY THE COMPANY PERSONNEL. • PREPARE THE KILL PROCEDURE.

W E L L H E A D C H R I S T M A S T R E E Christmas tree Wellhead THE END A PRESENTATION BY P. VIHAR Casing RAJAHMUNDRY, ANDHRA PRADESH E. G. DT, INDIA