Welfare of Juvenile Delinquents and Criminals Correctional Services

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Welfare of Juvenile Delinquents and Criminals (Correctional Services) Secondary Methods & Fields of Social

Welfare of Juvenile Delinquents and Criminals (Correctional Services) Secondary Methods & Fields of Social Work

Welfare of Juvenile Delinquents and Criminals • In the words of Gillin and Gillin,

Welfare of Juvenile Delinquents and Criminals • In the words of Gillin and Gillin, “delinquent is one who is guilty of an act believed by a group that has power to enforce its belief, to be injurious to society and therefore prohibited” • In short, juvenile delinquents are those young persons who have been found indulging in destructive acts such as theft and car lifting etc. • Laws of different countries show wide variation in the types of “unlawful acts” in the jurisdiction of juvenile courts and in the specification of juvenile “age-limit. ” • In Pakistan Juvenile Justice System Ordinance was promulgated in 2000, according to this law separate courts are being established for children and the age of the child covers under this law is 18 years.

Classification of Juvenile Delinquents Juvenile delinquents have been classified by different scholars on different

Classification of Juvenile Delinquents Juvenile delinquents have been classified by different scholars on different bases. These classifications are as under: 1. traffic violations, 2. petty theft and armed robbery, 3. alcoholism and drug addiction, 4. Bodily harm (including homicide). 5. Violence (against community by using weapons) 6. Sex offences (ranging from homosexuality to rape)

Factors in Juvenile Delinquency Following factors contribute or become the causes of Juvenile delinquency:

Factors in Juvenile Delinquency Following factors contribute or become the causes of Juvenile delinquency: • Individual factors (submissive, defiance, hostility, impulsiveness, feeling of insecurity, fear, emotional conflicts, lack of self control), • Family factors (economic conditions, broken families, criminal parents etc. ), • Peer influence, • Media, • Work environment

Methods of Treating Delinquents Many approaches and methods can be used in treating a

Methods of Treating Delinquents Many approaches and methods can be used in treating a delinquent. Some important methods are 1. Psychotherapy 2. Reality Therapy 3. Behavior Therapy 4. Activity Therapy 5. Milieu Therapy 6. The two basic approaches in dealing with youngsters are the individual and the group methods of treatment.

 • Through psychotherapy, the delinquent is allowed by therapist to operate in an

• Through psychotherapy, the delinquent is allowed by therapist to operate in an atmosphere of love and acceptance where the person does not have to bear severe rejection or physical punishment. • Reality therapy is based on the view that people, unable to fulfil their basic needs act in an irresponsible manner. The object of reality therapy is to help the delinquent person act in a responsible manner, that is, refrain him from anti social activity. • Behavior therapy modifies the learner behavior of the delinquents through the development of new learning processes i. e. , through rewards and punishments. • Activity therapy: Many children do not have the verbal ability to communicate effectively in a conventional individual or a group situation. A group of six to eight children are gathered to meet a specific time/place to engage in play or some artistic endeavors. • Milieu or environment therapy attempts to produce an environment that will facilitate meaningful change and satisfactory adjustment. This is used for persons whose deviant behavior is a reaction to unfavorable life situations.

 • Social Case Work technique is used for assisting the maladjusted youngsters in

• Social Case Work technique is used for assisting the maladjusted youngsters in coping with their problems. • Individual counseling is re-educating a delinquent to enable him to understand his immediate situation and solve his problem. • Vocational Counseling is increasing the delinquent’s knowledge of his career choices, job specifications, qualifications and trainings needed for his successful employment.

Crime • Crime is a violation of law and the criminal is the person

Crime • Crime is a violation of law and the criminal is the person who has committed such acts which are punishable by laws of the state. • From the social point of view, any act which damages social interest is crime. • Crime is an act which the state has declared harmful to group welfare and which the state has power to punish. • There are multiple interrelated socio-psychological forces due to which criminal commits the crimes.

Methods of dealing with criminals 1. Judicial inquiry and trial 2. Detention (imprisonment) 3.

Methods of dealing with criminals 1. Judicial inquiry and trial 2. Detention (imprisonment) 3. Rehabilitation after release 4. Probation and Parole Probation: Probation is an alternative measure to imprisonment for those offenders who according to the court are likely to be reformed, and at the same time are not dangerous to society. Offender is placed under the guidance and the supervision of a probation officer appointed by the court for a specific period of time. The probation officer helps and guides him in his efforts to live without breaking the law. The court retains the power of inflicting punishment if he proves unworthy of the privilege of probation.

 • Source: Khalid, M. (2008). Social work theory and practice: with special reference

• Source: Khalid, M. (2008). Social work theory and practice: with special reference to Pakistan. (5 th ed. ). Kifayat Academy, Lahore.