WELDING SAFETY OSHA TRAINING OSHA 29 CFR 1910

WELDING SAFETY OSHA TRAINING OSHA 29 CFR 1910. 251 - 255 WELCOME

COURSE OBJECTIVES DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING: þ þ þ þ þ TRAINING REQUIREMENTS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CONTRACTOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS THE RELEVANT REGULATORY STANDARDS VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDING ELECTRIC WELDING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS THE BASICS OF CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS FIRE EVACUATION, PREVENTION AND PROTECTION THE GENERAL HAZARDS INVOLVED WITH WELDING OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE þ HUNDREDS OF WELDERS CRITICALLY INJURED ANNUALLY þ WELDERS ARE EXPOSED TO NUMEROUS TOXIC FUMES AND GASES þ WELDERS ARE EXPOSED TO NUMEROUS PHYSICAL HAZARDS þ OSHA WELDING SAFETY STANDARDS REQUIRE: ü ü ü ESTABLISHMENT OF A “WORKER SAFETY” PROGRAM TRAINING BE CONDUCTED WRITTEN “HOTWORK” PERMITS USE OF MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS USE OF LABELS AND OTHER WARNINGS THAT HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS BE EXPLAINED

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE THE BOTTOM LINE TRAINING YOU TO BE KNOWLEDGEABLE OF HOW TO LOWER YOUR LIFETIME WORKPLACE EXPOSURE TO THE WELDING HAZARDS YOU ARE POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO IN YOUR DAILY WORKING LIFE!

REGULATORY STANDARD THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903. 1 EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

OSHA REGULATORY STANDARDS 29 CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS 1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY DANGER HOTWORK IN PROGRESS 252 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 253 - OXYGEN WELDING 254 - ARC WELDING 255 - RESISTANCE WELDING

REGULATORY STANDARD NFPA and ANSI WELDING CRITERIA NFPA - 51 B FIRE PREVENTION IN THE USE OF CUTTING AND WELDING PROCESSES ANSI - Z 49. 1 SAFETY IN WELDING AND CUTTING

GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS ALL EMPLOYERS MUST: þ REVIEW FIRE HAZARDS þ INSTITUTE SAFE WORK PRACTICES þ PROVIDE COMPLETE HAZARD INFORMATION þ PROVIDE HEALTH SCREENING WHERE NEEDED þ PROVIDE TRAINING TO ALL REQUIRED EMPLOYEES þ INSTALL ENGINEERING CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE THE SAFETY PROGRAM

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS THE EMPLOYER MUST: WELDING SAFETY þ MAINTAIN A WELDING SAFETY PROGRAM. þ DISCUSS EMPLOYEE PROTECTIVE MEASURES. þ REVIEW THE PROGRAM ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. þ TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT. þ DISCUSS PERIPHERALS SUCH AS LOCKOUT AND CONFINED SPACES.

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: WELDING SAFETY þ CLOSE-CALL EVENT þ CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT þ NEW HAZARDS OR EQUIPMENT þ NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS þ FAILURE IN THE SAFETY PROCEDURES þ REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS þ NON-ROUTINE TASK PROTECTIVE MEASURES DETERMINATION FORM: USED BY SUPERVISORS TO ASSESS JOBS THAT ARE NOT PERFORMED ON A ROUTINE BASIS, BUT WHERE THE POSSIBILITY OF INJURY TO AN EMPLOYEE EXISTS.

NON-ROUTINE TASKS þ DEFINITION: A TASK THAT IS REQUIRED ONLY ON OCCASION AND WHERE EMPLOYEES ARE NOT COMPLETELY FAMILIAR WITH ALL ASPECTS OF THE JOB. þ PROBLEM: THIS LACK OF FAMILIARITY CONTRIBUTES GREATLY TO A HIGHER PROBABILITY OF INJURY. þ EXAMPLE: THE ANNUAL (OR INFREQUENT) CLEANING OF REACTOR VESSELS IN PROCESSES. þ SUPERVISORS MUST: IDENTIFY NONROUTINE TASKS AND ASSESS THEIR DEGREE OF RISK TO EMPLOYEES.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS þ HOTWORK PERMIT: ü PRE-WORK SAFETY EVALUATION ü ISSUED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITY ü LOWERS RISK OF ACCIDENTS AND FIRES DANGER FIRE HAZARD HOTWORK PERMIT REQUIRED ü STANDARDIZES WORK ACCOMPLISHMENT ü ESTABLISHES TIMEFRAMES WHEN HOTWORK CAN OCCUR ü GENERALLY NOT NEEDED FOR DESIGNATED FIRE-SAFE AREAS

GENERAL WELDING HAZARDS þ þ þ þ þ ARC RADIATION. EXPLOSIVE DUSTS. DANGER ELECTRICAL SHOCK. HOTWORK WELDING CLEANING. IN AIR CONTAMINATION. PROGRESS FIRE AND EXPLOSION. CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS. CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY. COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND USE HAZARDS. þ OTHER HAZARDS RELATED TO SPECIFIC PROCESSES OR OCCUPATIONS.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS AIR CONTAMINANTS þ GASES. GENERALLY USED IN A COMPRESSED FORM. CAN EFFECT ALL ROUTES OF ENTRY. þ VAPORS. FORMED BY EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS. AMOUNT USUALLY DEPENDS UPON EXPOSED SURFACE AREA, TEMPERATURE, AND VAPOR PRESSURE OF SUBSTANCE. CAN BE DEADLY.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS AIR CONTAMINANTS þ FUMES. USUALLY METALLIC AND FORMED BY WELDING, CUTTING, OR BRAZING OPERATIONS. EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS TO INHALE. þ PARTICULATES. COMPOSED OF SOLID OR LIQUID PARTICLES THAT ARE SUSPENDED OR DISPERSED IN AIR. SUCH AS DUST, MISTS, OR SMOKES. CAN BE EXPLOSIVE AND HAZARDOUS TO BREATH.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS - INHALATION: þ MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. þ SMALLER PARTICULATES ARE TRAPPED IN LUNGS AND ABSORBED.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS - INGESTION: þ EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING WITHOUT WASHING HANDS FIRST. þ EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING CONTAMINATED CONSUMABLES.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS - ABSORPTION. þ CAN OCCUR THROUGH UNBROKEN SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES. þ ABSORPTION GENERALLY LEAST HAZARDOUS ROUTE OF ENTRY.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS - INJECTION. þ USUALLY CAUSED BY PUNCTURE WOUNDS INVOLVING METALS. þ COMPRESSED AIR CAN ALSO CAUSE INJECTION OF METALS.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS - METAL PARTICULATES: þ COME FROM SAND BLASTING, DEBURRING, AND LIKE OPERATIONS. þ METALS CAN TAKE THE FORM OF AIRBORNE DUSTS. þ ENGINEERING CONTROLS ARE USUALLY REQUIRED. þ RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IS NEEDED WHERE DUSTS CANNOT BE ADEQUATELY CONTROLLED WITH ENGINEERING CONTROLS.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS - FUMES: þ þ COMMON TO ALL WELDING OPERATIONS FUMES ARE MADE UP OF VERY TINY SOLID METAL PARTICLES ARE THE CONDENSATES OF VAPORIZED METAL. EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY CAN BE DISASTROUS IF PROPER VENTILATION IS NOT USED. þ THINK OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF METALS AND BONDING MATERIALS USED IN A WELDING OPERATION.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS SPECIFIC METALS - CADMIUM. þ HIGHLY TOXIC, INHALATION MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. þ SMALLER PARTICULATES ARE TRAPPED IN LUNGS AND ABSORBED. þ DANGEROUS DOSES CAN BE ASYMPTOMATIC FOR HOURS. þ KNOWN HUMAN CARCINOGEN. þ TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE, KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS SPECIFIC METALS - COPPER AND ZINC. þ HIGHLY TOXIC, INHALATION MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. þ CAN CAUSE “METAL FUME FEVER” RESULTING IN (SEVERE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS). þ TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE, KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS SPECIFIC METALS - NICKEL. þ CAN BE ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN, OR LUNGS. þ ABSORPTION GENERALLY LEAST HAZARDOUS ROUTE OF ENTRY. þ TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE; CNS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS þ IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE METAL, FIND OUT! þ READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET! þ READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS. þ OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS! þ DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND METAL DUSTS. þ CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED) þ ENSURE WORK AREA IS VENTILATED. þ WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. þ SPILLS OF METALS MUST BE CONTAINED, NOT RAISED! þ FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER. þ STORE ACIDS FROM BASES TO PREVENT REACTIONS. þ MAGNESIUM IS WATER REACTIVE, USE DRY SAND TO EXTINGUISH MAGNESIUM FIRES.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT EYE PROTECTION: þ FOLLOW LOCAL JOB PROCEDURES þ SEE ANSI STANDARD Z 87. 1 FOR SHADING CRITERIA þ SEE CHART IN 29 CFR 1910. 252 FOR SHADING CRITERIA þ REVIEW THE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT þ IF A NEW JHA IS NEEDED REQUEST IT þ IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS CONSULT YOUR SUPERVISOR

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF SHADE NUMBERS: WELDING OPERATION Soldering Torch Brazing Light Cutting, up to 1 Inch Medium Cutting, 1 to 6 Inches Heavy Cutting, 6 Inches and Over Gas Welding (Light) Up to 1/8 Inch Gas Welding (Medium) 1/8 to 1/2 Inch Gas Welding (Heavy) 1/2 Inch and Over SHADE # 2 3 or 4 4 or 5 5 or 6 6 or 8

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF SHADE NUMBERS: WELDING OPERATION SHADE # Shielded Metal-Arc Welding 1/16, 3/32, 1/8, 5/32 Inch Electrodes 10 Gas-Shielded Arc Welding (nonferrous) 1/16, 3/32, 1/8, 5/32 Inch Electrodes 11 Gas-Shielded Arc Welding (ferrous) 1/16, 3/32, 1/8, 5/32 Inch Electrodes 12 Shielded Metal Arc Welding 3/16, 7/32, 1/4 Inch Electrodes 12 Shielded Metal Arc Welding 5/16, 3/8 , Inch Electrodes 14 Atomic Hydrogen welding 10 -14 Carbon Arc Welding 14

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SHADE NUMBER SELECTION: þ AS A RULE OF THUMB, START WITH A SHADE THAT IS TOO DARK TO SEE THE WORK ZONE. THEN GO TO A LIGHTER SHADE WHICH GIVES SUFFICIENT VISIBILITY OF THE WORK ZONE WITHOUT EXERTING A STRAIN ON YOUR EYES. þ DO NOT ALLOW OBSERVERS TO REMAIN IN THE AREA WITHOUT PROPER PROTECTION.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SKIN PROTECTION: þ FOLLOW LOCAL JOB PROCEDURES þ USE ONLY APPROVED WELDING SAFETY EQUIPMENT þ ENSURE FULL SKIN PROTECTION IS PROVIDED þ SEE ANSI STANDARD Z 49. 1 FOR SPECIFIC CRITERIA þ SEE 29 CFR 1910. 132 AND 252 FOR GENERAL CRITERIA þ REVIEW THE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT þ IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS CONSULT YOUR SUPERVISOR

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FIRE RESISTANT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: þ WEAR CLOTHING WITHOUT POCKETS OR CUFFS þ SLEEVES SHOULD BE ROLLED DOWN AND BUTTONED þ COLLARS SHOULD BE BUTTONED þ WEAR A LEATHER CAP OR HARD HAT þ REMEMBER TO WEAR PROPER SHOES FOR THE JOB þ ENSURE CLOTHING IS FREE OF IGNITABLE STAINS þ CONSIDER SCARFS, GAUNTLETS AND LEGGINGS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT HEAD PROTECTION: þ FOLLOW LOCAL JOB PROCEDURES þ USE ONLY APPROVED WELDING SAFETY EQUIPMENT þ REQUIRED FOR ALL ARC WELDING OR ARC CUTTING þ HELMETS MUST BE INSULATED AND HEAT RESISTANT þ HELMETS MUST PROTECT FACE, NECK, HAIR AND EARS þ HELMETS MUST BE MADE OF NONFLAMMABLE MATERIAL þ HELMETS MUST BE CAPABLE OF BEING STERILIZED

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: þ FOLLOW LOCAL JOB VENTILATION PROCEDURES þ ADEQUATE VENTILATION IS MANDATORY þ USE APPROVED RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT þ NEVER BREATH METALLIC FUMES þ ALWAYS ASSUME WORST-CASE SCENARIO WHEN SELECTING RESPIRATORY PROTECTION MEASURES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OBSERVERS/CO-WORKER PROTECTION: þ NEED THE SAME PROTECTION AS THE WORKER þ DESIGNATE SAFE AREAS TO ALLOW FOR SMOOTH OPERATIONS IN THE LOCAL WORKING AREA þ ALWAYS ASSUME WORST-CASE SCENARIO WHEN SELECTING PROTECTIVE MEASURES

FIRE EVACUATION BASIC CONSIDERATIONS: þ KNOW TWO MEANS OF ESCAPE FROM AREA þ KNOW THE WRITTEN POLICY þ KNOW THE PREFERRED MEANS OF ALERTING OTHERS þ KNOW WHERE THE EVACUATION RELOCATION POINT IS þ YOU WON’T HAVE TIME TO LEARN SHOULD YOU HAVE TO EVACUATE!

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION BASIC PRECAUTIONS: þ NFPA STANDARD 51 B HAS DETAILED REQUIREMENTS þ ADEQUATE VENTILATION IS MANDATORY þ SITE ASSESSMENT FOR HOT-WORK MUST BE MADE þ SITE PRECAUTIONS VARY FROM SITE TO SITE þ MOVABLE FIRE HAZARDS MUST BE MOVED þ NON-MOVEABLE FIRE HAZARDS MUST BE GUARDED þ HOT-WORK PERMITS ESSENTIAL IN NON FIRE-SAFE AREAS

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION WELDING SURFACES: þ þ þ þ FLOOR OPENINGS AND CRACKS MUST BE PROTECTED WET SURFACES MUST BE PROTECTED CONSIDER EFFECT ON LOWER LEVEL SURFACES CONSIDER HOLES IN WALLS, DOORWAYS, AND WINDOWS CONSIDER DUCTING OR VENTS THAT CAN CARRY SPARKS CONSIDER EFFECTS OF HIGH WIND AREAS CONSIDER EFFECT RAIN COULD HAVE ON THE JOB

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT: DANGER þ PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS þ PAILS OF WATER þ PAILS OF SAND NO SMOKING, MATCHES OR OPEN FLAME þ MUST BE MAINTAINED FOR INSTANT USE þ IS THE METHOD APPROPRIATE FOR THE HAZARD? þ ARE PERSONNEL TRAINED IN PROPER USE? þ WHAT IF THE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT ISN’T ENOUGH? þ WHO WILL CONTACT THE LOCAL FIRE DEPARTMENT?

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FIRE WATCHERS ARE: 1. OBSERVERS WHO ARE SPECIFICALLY TRAINED TO WATCH OVER AREAS WHERE HOT-WORK IS BEING PERFORMED. 2. REQUIRED WHENEVER WELDING OR CUTTING IS PERFORMED IN LOCATIONS WHERE OTHER THAN A MINOR FIRE MIGHT DEVELOP, OR IF ANY OF THE CONDITIONS NOTED ON THE FOLLOWING SLIDE EXIST.

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FIRE WATCH IS REQUIRED WHEN: þ þ þ COMBUSTIBLES ARE CLOSER THAN 35 FEET COMBUSTIBLES ARE EASILY IGNITED BY SPARKS COMBUSTIBLES ARE ADJACENT TO METAL PARTITIONS COMBUSTIBLES CAN BE IGNITED BY CONDUCTION COMBUSTIBLES CAN BE IGNITED BY RADIATION þ WALLS, CEILINGS OR FLOOR HOLES CONTAIN COMBUSTIBLES þ WHENEVER SPECIAL HAZARDS WARRANT FIRE WATCH

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FIREWATCHERS MUST: þ þ þ BE EQUIPPED WITH PROPER EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT BE TRAINED TO RECOGNIZE OUT-OF-CONTROL FIRES BE FAMILIAR WITH LOCAL FIRE ALARM PROCEDURES BE TRAINED TO KNOW THEIR LEVEL OF CAPABILITY OBSERVE HOT AREAS FOR 1/2 HR AFTER COMPLETION þ BE FAMILIAR WITH THE HOT-WORK PERMITTING SYSTEM

PROHIBITED WELDING SITUATIONS WELDING OR CUTTING IS PROHIBITED: þ þ þ IN AREAS NOT AUTHORIZED BY MANAGEMENT IN SPRINKLER IMPAIRED BUILDINGS IN THE PRESENCE OF EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES WHERE EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES CAN DEVELOP NEAR EXPOSED READILY IGNITABLE MATERIALS þ ON UNPREPARED DRUMS, BARRELS, TANKS ETC. þ ON UNPREPARED PIPE LINES, VALVES ECT.

VENTILATION FOR GENERAL WELDING MECHANICAL VENTILATION IS PROVIDED WHEN: þ THE WORK AREA IS LESS THAN 10, 000 CF PER WELDER þ CEILINGS HEIGHTS OF LESS THAN 16 FT ARE PRESENT þ NATURAL VENTILATION IS OBSTRUCTED MINIMUM RATE: þ 2000 CFM PER WELDER MUST BE MAINTAINED

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS IMPORTANT! CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS ARE BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS CLASS. IN DEPTH TRAINING MUST BE PROVIDED FOR SAFE ENTRY. NEVER ATTEMPT TO WELD IN A CONFINED SPACE WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING AND RESCUE SUPPORT! DON’T CREATE ANOTHER OSHA STATISTIC!

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE A CONFINED SPACE: þ ITS SIZE AND SHAPE ALLOW A PERSON TO ENTER IT þ HAS LIMITED ENTRY AND EGRESS þ IS NOT DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS OCCUPANCY

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE A PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE: þ CONTAINS OR HAS A POTENTIAL TO CONTAIN A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE OR; þ CONTAINS A MATERIAL THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ENGULF AN ENTRANT OR; þ HAS AN INTERNAL CONFIGURATION IN WHICH AN ENTRANT COULD BE TRAPPED OR ASPHYXIATED BY INWARDLY CONVERGING WALLS OR BY A FLOOR WHICH SLOPES DOWNWARD AND TAPERS TO A SMALLER CROSS-SECTION OR;

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED þ CONTAINS ANY OTHER RECOGNIZED SERIOUS SAFETY OR HEALTH HAZARD

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED þ EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACES INCLUDE: þ þ þ þ SILOS TANKS SEWERS BOILERS FLOOR PITS CRAWL SPACES REACTORS VESSELS DANGER CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING TRAINING MUST BE PROVIDED: þ þ þ EMERGENCY ENTRY AND EXIT PROCEDURES USE OF APPLICABLE RESPIRATORS FIRST AID PROCEDURES LOCKOUT PROCEDURES LOCAL PERMIT SYSTEMS þ STANDARD SAFE WORK PRACTICES IN USE

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN: þ þ þ PROPER TRAINING IS ESSENTIAL AND MANDATORY FOLLOW LOCAL ENTRY PERMIT PROCEDURES SHUT OFF ALL UNNECESSARY PIPES, AND DUCTS SHUT OFF ALL UNNECESSARY ELECTRICAL LINES PROVIDE CONTINUOUS MECHANICAL VENTILATION PERFORMED PROTOCOL FOR INITIAL AIR MONITORING þ LOCATE GAS CYLINDERS AND POWER SOURCES FOR WELDING OUTSIDE OF THE SPACE

CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN: þ ATTENDANTS MUST BE DESIGNATED TO MAINTAIN VISUAL AND VOICE CONTACT þ WHEN NOT IN USE, GAS SUPPLIED EQUIPMENT MUST BE REMOVED FROM THE SPACE þ WHEN NOT IN USE ARC WELDING ELECTRODES MUST BE PREVENTED FROM MAKING CONTACT þ CONFINED SPACE EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT MUST BE USED AND OR WORN

OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING FUMES AND GAS HAZARDS: þ þ þ PROVIDE SUFFICIENT VENTILATION FOR OPERATION NEVER BREATH FUMES OR GASES REMOVE PAINTS OR COATINGS FROM WELDING SURFACE CONSIDER EFFECTS ON CO-WORKERS CONSIDER ALL FUMES, GASES, SMOKES HAZARDOUS

OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING OXYGEN HAZARDS: þ þ þ KEEP OIL AND GREASE FROM HOSES, REGULATORS ETC. NEVER USE LUBRICANTS ON OXY-FUEL EQUIPMENT OXYGEN ENRICHED MATERIAL BURNS MUCH HOTTER! KEEP OXYGEN FROM ENTERING PERMEABLE MATERIAL NEVER HANDLE OXYGEN IN GREASE OR OILY AREAS CONSIDER ALL FUMES, GASES, SMOKES HAZARDOUS þ OXYGEN IS “NOT” AIR, NEVER USE FOR DUST-OFF OF CLOTHING OR WORK SURFACES!

OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING FUEL GASES: þ þ CAN DISPLACE BREATHING AIR WORK AREAS MUST HAVE AT LEAST 18% OXYGEN CONTACT THE GAS SUPPLIER FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY IS A CRITICAL CONSIDERATION! ü ü FUEL GASES CAN COLLECT IN HIGH OR LOW AREAS VAPOR DENSITY WILL DETERMINE WHERE THESE GASES GO HOSES CAN LEAK AND DISPERSE GASES IN UNWANTED AREAS FORCED VENTILATION AND EXHAUST DUCTS MAY BE NEEDED

OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING FUEL GASES (Cont. ): FUEL GAS NATURAL GAS ACETYLENE BREATHING AIR PROPYLENE MAPP PROPANE BUTANE RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY WITH AIR 0. 55 0. 91 1. 00 1. 42 1. 48 1. 56 2. 05 LIGHTER THAN AIR HEAVIER THAN AIR NEVER RELEASE FUEL GASES INTO THE AIR NEAR OTHER WELDING OR CUTTING OPERATIONS OR POTENTIAL SOURCES OF IGNITION!

OXYGEN-FUEL GAS WELDING FUEL GASES (Cont. ): FUEL GAS NATURAL GAS ACETYLENE PROPYLENE MAPP PROPANE BUTANE EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATION IN AIR 2. 8% TO 17% 2. 3% TO 80% 2. 0% TO 11. 1% 3. 4% TO 10. 8% 2. 1% TO 9. 5% 1. 9% TO 8. 5% NEVER RELEASE FUEL GASES INTO THE AIR NEAR OTHER WELDING OR CUTTING OPERATIONS OR POTENTIAL SOURCES OF IGNITION!

HANDLING GASES - GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS þ UNLESS IN USE, VALVES SHOULD BE KEPT CLOSED. þ NEVER TAMPER WITH SAFETY RELIEF DEVICES. þ ALWAYS USE AN APPROVED PRESSURE-REDUCING REGULATOR. þ LEAVE “T” WRENCHES IN PLACE AT ALL TIMES. þ THAW ICE WITH WARM (NOT BOILING) WATER. þ NEVER LET RECESSED TOPS OF CYLINDERS FILL WITH WATER. þ NEVER USE A CYLINDER AS A ROLLER OR SUPPORT.

HANDLING GASES CONTINUED GASES - GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS þ NEVER TRANSFER ANY GAS FROM ONE CYLINDER TO ANOTHER. þ NEVER TRANSPORT USING ELECTRO-MAGNETIC LIFTS. þ SECURE CYLINDERS FROM TAMPERING WHEN NOT IN USE. þ TREAT EVERY CYLINDER LIKE A BOMB.

HANDLING GASES CONTINUED GASES - PRE-OPERATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1. INSPECT CYLINDER FOR DAMAGE BEFORE USE. 2. ENSURE “IN USE” LABEL IS PRESENT. 3. ENSURE ALL LABELS AND WARNINGS ARE READABLE. 4. PLACE UPRIGHT ON STABLE DRY SURFACE. 5. ENSURE CYLINDER IS RESTRAINED ABOVE MID-POINT. 6. NEVER SECURE TO ELECTRICAL LINES OR CONDUITS. 7. KEEP HEAT, FLAME, AND ELECTRICITY AWAY FROM CYLINDER. 8. OPERATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH WELDING PROCEDURES.

HANDLING GASES CONTINUED GASES - POST-OPERATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1. ENSURE “EMPTY” OR LIKE LABEL PRESENT. 2. ENSURE VALVE IS CLOSED COMPLETELY AND CAP CYLINDER. 3. REMOVE FROM OPERATION FOLLOWING PROCEDURES. 4. NEVER ROLL, TRANSPORT CYLINDERS USING HANDTRUCK. 5. NEVER UNDERESTIMATE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPRESSED GASES.

TRANSPORTING GASES - TRANSPORTING REQUIREMENTS þ TRANSPORT WITH REGULATOR REMOVED. þ NEVER TRANSPORT IN CONFINED SPACES. þ ALWAYS PROVIDE PLENTY OF VENTILATION. þ PREVENT ICE OR SNOW FROM ACCUMULATING. þ USE SUITABLE HAND TRUCK OR RACKS TO MOVE CYLINDERS. þ NEVER USE OR TRANSPORT A LEAKING CYLINDER. þ NEVER TRANSPORT USING SLINGS OR ELECTRO-MAGNETS.

STORING GASES - STORAGE REQUIREMENTS þ STORE ONLY IN DESIGNATED AREAS. þ STORE AND USE ON A FIRST-IN, FIRST-OUT BASIS. þ NEVER STORE WITHOUT PROPER LABELING. þ IDENTIFY ALL EMPTY CYLINDERS. þ STORE LIKE GASES WITH LIKE GASES. þ SEPARATE EMPTY CYLINDERS FROM FULL ONES. þ STORE WITHIN PROPER TEMPERATURE RANGES.

ELECTRIC WELDING FUMES HAZARDS: þ þ þ PROVIDE SUFFICIENT VENTILATION FOR OPERATION NEVER BREATH FUMES REMOVE PAINTS OR COATINGS FROM WELDING SURFACE CONSIDER EFFECTS ON CO-WORKERS CONSIDER ALL FUMES AND SMOKES HAZARDOUS

ELECTRIC WELDING UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING: þ þ þ þ MANUFACTURERS’ INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAFE USE MAINTENANCE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS INDIVIDUAL MACHINE HOOK-UP PROCEDURES GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS LEAK DETECTION OF WATER, OR FUELS SAFE USE OF SHUT-DOWN SWITCHES SAFE USE OF ELECTRODES SAFE USE OF ELECTRIC CABLES

ELECTRIC WELDING CONTINUED FUMES HAZARDS: þ þ þ PROVIDE SUFFICING VENTILATION FOR OPERATION NEVER BREATH FUMES REMOVE PAINTS OR COATINGS FROM WELDING SURFACE CONSIDER EFFECTS ON CO-WORKERS CONSIDER ALL FUMES AND SMOKES HAZARDOUS

ELECTRIC WELDING CONTINUED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ARC WELDING: þ þ þ þ þ ENSURE EQUIPMENT IS INSTALLED PROPERLY ENSURE EQUIPMENT IS SERVICEABLE ALWAYS WEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AVOID BREATHING AIR IN THE FUME PLUME KEEP THE WORK AREA FREE OF FIRE HAZARDS CONSIDER HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH WET AREA SAFELY DISPOSE OF ELECTRODE STUBS SHIELD OTHERS FROM LIGHT RAYS DO NOT WELD NEAR DEGREASING OPERATIONS

ELECTRIC WELDING CONTINUED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ARC WELDING: þ CONSIDER LOCATION OF WORK: - FALL HAZARDS - MULTILEVEL WORK OPERATIONS - CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS - LOCKOUT TAGOUT REQUIREMENTS - EFFECT ON LOCAL PROCESSES - CO-WORKER PROTECTION

CONTRACTOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS MUST: þ INFORM REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FACILITY OF THE TYPES OF WELDING THAT THEY WILL BE PERFORMING AND BE PREPARED TO PROVIDE SAFETY INFORMATION UPON REQUEST FACILITY OR EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES MUST: þ INFORM THE CONTRACTOR OF HAZARDS IN THE AREA WHERE CONTRACTOR PERSONNEL WILL BE WORKING AND BE PREPARED TO PROVIDE SAFETY INFORMATION UPON REQUEST

TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS þ REMEMBER, YOU CONTROL YOUR FACILITY OR AREA! þ REVIEW THEIR PROCEDURES WITH THEM BEFORE STARTING THE JOB! þ DETERMINE THEIR SAFETY PERFORMANCE RECORD! þ DETERMINE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THEIR PEOPLE! þ DETERMINE HOW THEY WILL AFFECT YOUR EMPLOYEES!

OSHA'S PERCEPTION OF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM 1. DETAILED WELDING SAFETY PROCEDURES 2. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS 3. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING 4. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION

WORK AT WORKING SAFELY Training is the key to success in managing safety in the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a team effort, safety starts with each individual employee and concludes with everyone leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families. Patricia A. Ice Industrial Hygienist