Welcome to the Webinar if you have not

Welcome to the Webinar – if you have not dialed into the audio portion, please do so now. In the U. S. , dial 1 -855 -747 -8824, passcode 4348124177. If you are outside the U. S. , the webinar invitation includes a list of toll-free numbers for different countries. Please note that your phone is automatically on mute when you join to avoid disturbing other participants. INCOSE Webinar Series Wednesday 19 th December 2018 – Webinar 119 Agile MBSE For Industry 4. 0 with OPM ISO 19450 Using OPCloud Professor Dov Dori © 2018 -9

INCOSE is offering Webinars… l To provide a forum for experts in the field of Systems Engineering to present information on the “State of the Art” l To explain how INCOSE works, and how to make the most out of INCOSE membership 2 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 2

INCOSE Systems Engineering Professional PDU Credit Please note that you can claim 1 PDU credit towards your Systems Engineering Professional re-certification by attending this webinar. INCOSE webinars may also apply to the PDU requirements of other organizations, depending on the subject matter To qualify, you must have attended through at least 75% of the webinar for webinars that last less than one hour, or through 45 minutes of the webinar for webinars that last for 1 hour or longer. Here is the link to details about certification renewal, including information on PDUs. http: //www. incose. org/certification/Cert. Process/Cert. Renew 3 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 3

Choreography 1. Andy Pickard (your host) will introduce the Webinar and the speaker 2. Dov will speak for about 40 to 45 minutes 3. During his talk, participants can write questions using the Webex Q&A window 4. After Dov completes his talk, he will spend 10 minutes answering questions that Andy selects from those submitted by the audience 5. Andy Pickard will provide information about upcoming Webinars and then end this session 6. This Webinar is being recorded and will be made available on the INCOSE website to members and employees of CAB organizations 4 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 4

Agile MBSE for Industry 4. 0 with OPM ISO 19450 Using OPCloud Dov Dori

Technologies involved in Industry 4. 0 SOFTWARE HARDWARE Industry 4. 0 is the ultimate blend of hardware and software Smart Robotics Smart Manufacturing Data Capture (sensors) and analytics Digital Fabrication (3 D Printing…) Cloud Computing in Computer Farms Location & navigation services Smart Phones Internet of Things Physical and Digital Twins Autonomous Transportation Industry 4. 0 mixes hardware and software to the extent that they are inseparable! Dov Dori © 2018 -9 6

Industry 4. 0 calls for concurrent digitized integration of the vertical and horizontal value chains VERTICAL VALUE CHAIN HORIZONTAL VALUE CHAIN Manufacturing Execution System (MES) Shop Floor Control Supply Chain Management (SCM) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Customer Relationships Management (CRM) Here too, hardware and software extremely mixed! (And here, the increase in the level of complexity is in the order of M times N, with M and N being the lengths of the vertical and horizontal chains) Dov Dori © 2018 -9 7

The Industry 4. 0 Hardware-Software blend is inseparable! HARDWARE SOFTWARE “seamless link” is the

What are the implications of this ultimate hardware-software fusion on the future of SE in general and MBSE in particular? What does SE need in order to remain relevant and drive the Industry 4. 0 vision forward? We must use a language and a methodology that cater to modeling and architecting systems with the Industry 4. 0 hardware-software fusion paradigm mindset! But you may rightly ask: “Wait a minute – What about UML and Sys. ML? ” Dov Dori © 2018 -9 9

Software-focus vs. hardware-focus SOFTWARE HARDWARE Where is the integration ? ? ? SOFTWARE FOCUS

X “ ” Is Sys. ML V 2 going to solve the Hardware-Software divide?

What does MBSE need to be agile and ready for Industry 4. 0? A conceptual modeling language and methodology with the following characteristics: l Capable of modeling complex systems of any kind: l l l Treats hardware and software on equal footing Represents in the same and single kind of diagram the three system aspects: l l Technological systems, involving hardware & software Natural systems Socio-technical systems Any combination of the above (and “systems-of-systems”) Function Structure Behavior Includes human in the loop Dov Dori © 2018 -9 12

l What else does such a language must be or do? Based on a sound universal minimal ontology that applies to both kinds of things (objects and processes) l l l Cater to humans’ dual channel processing: l l visual – use formal yet intuitive graphics textual – use any natural language that the modeler feels comfortable with Manage system complexity in a methodical way Executable, amenable to simulation l l l Physical, tangible, material, concrete Informatical, abstract, logical, mental Animated simulation for human comprehension and testing Offline simulation for statistical analysis of system performance Easy to learn and apply for agile MBSE Dov Dori © 2018 -9 13

Sounds too good to be true? Dov Dori © 2018 -9 14

OPM – Object-Process Methodology l l l A language and methodology for modeling complex systems of any kind Recognized as ISO 19450 Based on the minimal universal ontology of l l stateful objects processes that transform objects by: l l l Creating new objects Consuming existing ones, or Changing their states Dov Dori © 2018 -9 15

OPM – Highlights l Bi-modal visual-textual presentation: l l l OPD – Object-Process Diagram OPL – Object-Process Language Complexity management: l l Things – objects and processes – can be refined to any desired level of detail Via refinement-abstraction mechanisms: l l l In-zooming – Out-zooming (primarily for processes) Unfolding – Folding (primarily for objects) Expressing – Suppressing (for states) Dov Dori © 2018 -9 16

OPM – More Highlights l Executable: l l l Objects can be computational (numbers, parameters) Processes can perform math and embed code The model can be seamlessly and concurrently executed both l l l conceptually-qualitatively and concretely-qualitatively In two modes: l l Online live graphic mode: animation for visualization & debugging Offline batch mode: numeric simulation for big data, statistical analysis Dov Dori © 2018 -9 17

2015: OPM becomes ISO 19450 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 18

OPD Object Process Diagram OPM = OPD + OPL Object Process Language Bimodal graphicstext

OPCloud 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori https: //www.

OPCloud main features Cloud-based application - ability to work from anywhere, any time Collaborative and simultaneous work of multiple users, one editor at a time Connectivity with to other systems (DOORS, ARAS, PTC. . . ) using OSLC Latest Web development technologies: Firebase, Angular, Rappid… Correctness-byconstruction via context sensitivity for choice of links and other features Backward compatibility for OPM models prepared with OPCAT Dov Dori © 2018 -9 21

Where is OPM used? l l l l Automotive industry Aviation industry White appliances

OPM Theoretical Foundation Universal Ontology Let’s get to it via asking Socratic Questions Dov

Ontology & Universal Ontology try indus banking military healthcare botany Ontology: a set of concepts and relations for describing a domain and systems within it. Universal Ontology: a domain-independent set of concepts and relations for describing systems in the universe, both natural and man-made. Dov Dori © 2018 -9 24

Fundamental question 1: What is needed to describe the universe and systems in it?

Question 2: What is a thing or what can it do? Thing 1 and Thing 2 exist. Answer: A things can either exist at some point in time or happen over time Running of Thing 1 and Thing 2 happens. Any thing can either exist or happen – nothing else; Every thing can be classified into one of these two! Dov Dori © 2018 -9 26

Question 3: Poem What are things that exist in the world? Answer: Satellite Tree

Question 4: Crashing What are things that happen in the world? Answer: Baking Processes happen. They are dynamic – time dependent. (syntactically: verbs in gerund form: “…ing”) Dov Dori © 2018 -9 Fighting Launching 28

Processes do not happen in vacuum! Question 5: Whom do processes happen to? Answer:

Question 6: What does a process do when it happens to an object? Answer:

Only two OPM Things: Objects and Processes Object: A thing that exists or might exist physically or informatically. Process: A thing that transforms or might transform one or more objects. 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori 31

The Object-Process Theorem Stateful objects, processes, and relations among them constitute a universal ontology. Caveat: May not apply to quantum-scale systems (e. g. , an electron may be both an object and a process) 5/21/2021 2017 -8 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 32

processes transform objects. Question 7: In what three ways does a process transform an object? Answer: 1. 2. 3. Generation creating an object destroying an object affecting an object. Dov Dori © 2018 -9 Consumption Effect 33 5/21/2

The first kind of transforming: Generation The process can create the object 2006 -7

The second kind of transforming: Consumption The process can consume the object 2006 -7

The third kind of transforming: Effect The process can affect the object Question 8: How does a process affect an object? Answer: l A process affects an object by changing its state. l Hence, objects must be stateful – they must have states. Dov Dori © 2018 -9 36

State: A situation an object can be at during its lifetime. At each point in time, the object is l at one of its states, or l in transition from an input state – the input to the affecting process l to its output state – the output of that process Dov Dori © 2018 -9 37

State transitions example Dov Dori © 2018 -9 38

The graphics-text equivalence OPM principle Any model fact expressed graphically in an OPD is also expressed textually in the corresponding OPL paragraph. Each modality is reconstructible from the other. This bimodal representation caters to the dual channel cognitive assumption (Mayer, 2010) 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori 39

Question 9: What are the two major aspects of any system? l Structure – the static aspect: What the system is made of. l Objects and relations among them l Time-independent l Behavior – the dynamic aspect: How the system changes over time. l Processes and how they transform objects l Time-dependent l Time 5/21/2021 is the discriminating factor! 2017 -8 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 40

Question 10: What third aspect is specific to human-made systems? Function – the utilitarian, subjective, benefitproviding aspect: l Why is the system built? l For whom is the system built? l Who benefits from operating the system? Function can be defined as any pair of process and its operand l l e. g. , Battery Charging; Blood Pumping Natural systems may be beneficial or detrimental. . . 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 41

Complexity Management with OPM l Systems are inherently complex. l To alleviate this complexity, in OPM, it is managed by detail decomposition through three refinement-abstraction: l In-zooming – Out-zooming l Unfolding – Folding l State expression – suppression. 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori 42

In-zooming – Out-zooming Example Process Performance Controlling - a metamodel from ISO 19450 • All the OPDs, at any detail level, are self-similar. • They contain only stateful objects, processes, and relations. 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori 43

OPM Complexity Management Benefits l There is no limit on the level of complexity of the system being modeled: l l Catering to the cognitive limited capacity: l l One can specify system structure and behavior at any level of detail by recursively in-zooming. Each diagram is not overly complicated. All the diagrams are “aware” of each other: l l l All OPDs are partial views of the same system. Any change in one diagram is propagated to all the other relevant ones. All OPDs, regardless of the level of detail, are self-similar: They all use the same compact universal ontology 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori 44

OPM Resources • Book (2002): Object-Process Methodology - A Holistic Systems Paradigm, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2002. • Book (2016): Model-Based Systems Engineering with OPM and Sys. ML, Springer, New York. • ISO Standard: ISO 19450 OPM • ed. X Course: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5 Zh. Ere. Xtu 0 k • Website: Enterprise Systems Modeling Laboratory contains • journal & conference papers, • free OPCAT software, upcoming OPCloud • presentations • projects • more. . . • OPCloud: https: //www. opcloud. tech/ Dov Dori © 2018 -9 45

Thank you for attending! dori@technion. ac. il dori@mit. edu Visit our Lab site; Download OPCAT free http: //esml. iem. technion. ac. il/ Experience OPCloud, Cloud-based OPM modeling: https: //www. opcloud. tech/ Join the growing OPM community Here https: //www. jiscmail. ac. uk/cgi-bin/webadmin? SUBED 1=OPM&A=1 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 46

Upcoming Webinars (tentative schedule) Who What When Amar Zabarah Machine Assisted Requirements Inspection Wednesday 16 January 2019 at and Evaluation (M. A. R. IN. E. ) 11 am EST Warren Vaneman Model-Based Systems Engineering De. Mystified Wednesday 20 February 2019 at 11 am EST Invitations will be emailed in advance and informational updates will be placed on www. incose. org Go to http: //www. incose. org/products-and-publications/webinars for more info on the webinar series, including a way to view the last 118 Webinars and soon – this one! Information on the webinars is now being posted in INCOSE Connect, in the INCOSE Library area, at https: //connect. incose. org/Library/Webinars/Pages/INCOSE-Webinars. aspx. Joining instructions will added around two weeks before the webinar is scheduled to take place. Dov Dori © 2018 -9 47

INCOSE International Workshop 2019 When/Where 26 – 29 January 2019 Torrance Marriott, Redondo Beach, California 3635 Fashion Way Torrance CA 90503 https: //www. inco se. org/iw 2019/ho me Dov Dori © 2018 -9 48

INCOSE Systems Engineering Professional PDU Credit Please note that you can claim 1 PDU credit towards your Systems Engineering Professional re-certification by attending this webinar. The webinars may also apply to the PDU requirements of other organizations, depending on the subject matter To qualify, you must have attended through at least 75% of the webinar for webinars that last less than one hour, or through 45 minutes of the webinar for webinars that last for 1 hour or longer. You can also claim credit for previous webinars you have attended; please contact info@incose. org if you wish to know which webinars you attended and if you met the qualification requirements Dov Dori © 2018 -9 49

Two Complementary Proofs for Object-Process Theorem: 1. Theoretical, based on logic and set theory 2. Empirical, based on many examples from many domains; no counter example found 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 50

Empirical Proof of the Object-Process Theorem: “Stateful objects, processes, and relations among them constitute a necessary and sufficient universal ontology. ” If the ontology is universal, it must be able to model systems in any domain. The empirical proof: Providing evidence of successful models from various, unrelated domains. 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 51

Empirical Proof from Science: Molecular 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 biology 52

5/21/2021 “Beyond the scientific value of these specific findings, this work demonstrates the value of the conceptual model as an in silico vehicle for hypotheses generation and testing, which can reinforce, and often even replace, risky, costlier wet lab experiments. ” Dov Dori © 2018 -9 53 53

Nuclear reactor failure: The Three Mile Island Accident Tripped Pumps Cause too high Pressure

Offshore Oil Well Drilling 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 55

Airport Operations: Outgoing Passenger 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 56

Iron Dome – A medium-range missile defense system Yaniv Mordecai and Dov Dori, Evolving System Modeling: Facilitating Agile System Development with Object-Process Methodology. Sys. Con 2015 , 9 th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Vancouver, Canada, April 13 -16 2015. To be presented 5/21/2021 Dov Dori © 2018 -9 57

Sample of engineering domains in which OPM has been used • Complex, Interconnected, Large-Scale Socio-Technical Systems Engineering 14(3), 2011. • Networking Mobile Devices and Computers in an Intelligent Home. International Journal of Smart Home 3(4), pp. 15 -22, October, 2009. • Multi-Agent Systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part C: Applications and Reviews, 40 (2) pp. 227 -241, 2010. • Semantic Web Services Matching and Composition. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 9, pp. 16 -28, 2011. • Project-Product Lifecycle Management. Systems Engineering, 16 (4), pp. 413 -426, 2013. • Model-Based Risk-Oriented Robust Systems Design. International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management, 1(4), pp. 331 -354, 2013. • Medical Robotics and Miscommunication Scenarios. An Object-Process Methodology Conceptual Model. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 62(3) pp. 153 -163, 2014. • Modeling Exceptions in Biomedical Informatics. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 42(4), pp. 736 -747, 2009. Dov Dori © 2018 -9 58

Sys. ML and OPM – a brief comparison Feature Sys. ML Theoretical foundation UML; Object-Oriented paradigm Standard documentation number of pages Standardization body Number of diagram kinds Top-level concept Complexity management guiding principle Hierarchical decomposition Number of symbols Graphic modality Textual modality Built-in physical-informatical distinction ~1670=700 (UML Infrastructure) + 700 (UML Superstructure) + 270 (OMG Sys. ML) OMG 9 Block (UML object class) OPM Minimal universal ontology; Object-Process Theorem ~180=100 (ISO 19450 main standard) + 80 (appendices) ISO 1 Thing (object or process) Aspect-based decomposition Detail-level-based decomposition In some diagram kinds ~120 Yes No Yes ~20 Yes No Yes Systemic-environmental distinction Partial (using boundaries) Yes Logical relations (OR, XOR, AND) No Yes Probability modeling No Yes Execution, animated simulation, validation and verification capability Partial (in some tools for some diagram kinds) Yes Many, some free Currently one free (OPCAT) from http: //esml. iem. technion. ac. il/ Cloud-based tool under development 59 Tool availability 2006 -7 Prof. Dov © Dori © 2015 2018 -9 Dori