Welcome to the Museum of Room Two Room

Welcome to the Museum of Room Two Room Five Museum Entrance Room Four Room Three Room One Cold War Culture Curator’s Offices

Caitlin Quigg Curator’s Office I am in Mr. Collins World History class and my powerpoint is over all the cultural aspects of the cold war. caitlinquigg@gmail. com Return to Entry Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.

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Artifact 1 Following World War II, their were many clashes between the democratic US and the communist Soviet Union. The soviets had long carried out espionage in the united states. The US decided to do something about this, so Truman had a loyalty program which startled the country since they followed concepts of personal liberty and freedom. "Red Scare. " History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. http: //apusb. wikispaces. com/post%20 war%20 foreignpolitical%20 cartoons Return to Exhibit

Artifact 2 The HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) was formed in 1938 to investigate communist activities. Their investigations frequently exposed communists working inside the federal government. The advances of communism around the world convinced many US citizens that there was a real danger of “Reds” taking over their country. The red scare continued to influence peoples lives, they were hounded by law enforcement and fired from their jobs. "Red Scare. " History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. http: //carriestoyberg. edublogs. org/2010/11/18/ house-un-american-activities-committee/ Return to Exhibit

Artifact 3 As the tension in cold war grew between the United States and Soviet Union, the communists in the US posed a threat which was known as the Red Scare. The Red Scare led to actions that ended up effecting the US government and society. Federal employees were analyzed to see if they were loyal to their government and US senator Mc. Carthy investigated elements in the country. "Red Scare. " History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. http: //chrismaury. com/post/53327361208/whatif-prism-existed-during-the-red-scare Return to Exhibit

Artifact 4 The cold war was a war full of spies and secrets. Since this war was a conflict between two different systems, it effected many aspects of peoples lives. An important person during this time would be James Bond who was used in lots of propaganda. He was in films and novels being portrayed as a hero. http: //ic. galegroup. com/ic/whic/News. Details. Page/News. Det ails. Window? fail. Over. Type=&query=&prod. Id=WHIC&windo wstate=normal&content. Modules=&mode=view&display. Gro up. Name=News&limiter=&u=leag 77573&curr. Page=&disabl e. Highlighting=false&display. Groups=&sort. By=&source=&s earch_within_results=&p=WHIC%3 AUHIC&action=e&cat. Id =&activity. Type=&scan. Id=&document. Id=GALE%7 CA 3488 53188 http: //www. techweekeurope. co. uk/news/uk-and -us-link-for-lurid-storm-of-cyber-attacks-40504 Return to Exhibit

Artifact 5 Southeast Asian leaders mostly controlled their interactions with the united states and the soviet union for their own political goals. They shaped their post war cultures by looking at themes of independence and sovereignty that had already emerged during the colonial era. After the war, nationalist, socialist, and communist ideas emerged to resist the reestablishment of the former colonies. Lui, Mary Ting Yi. "Cultures at war: The Cold War and cultural expression in Southeast Asia. " Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44. 2 (2013): 357+. World History in Context. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //faculty. headroyce. org/~us 2001/aarons/Pi cs. html Return to Exhibit

Artifact 6 In 1958, Soviet Leader, Nikita Khrushchev demanded that post war issues be resolved in a matter of months. A final peace treaty ended up being signed with Germany and the creation of a nuclear-free Germany to act as a buffer zone between the two powers. Soviets threatened the Germans by saying if they didn’t sign the treaty they would officially split Germany in two. TULLOCH, DAVID. "Berlin Wall. " Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 103 -106. World History in Context. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //www. npr. org/templates/story. p hp? story. Id=105633878 Return to Exhibit

Artifact 7 In 1961 the Berlin Crisis occurred, the borders crossing between the Eastern Soviet Zone of Berlin and the Western American, British, and French controlled zones began to be sealed. At first barbed wire was used as the barrier but over time it was replaced by concrete and a deadly no mans land that became known as the Berlin Wall. This Wall became a powerful symbol of the Cold War, separating a city, a people, and tearing apart family and friends. This represented the deep divide between Easter and Western Berlin physically and politically. TULLOCH, DAVID. "Berlin Wall. " Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 103 -106. World History in Context. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //ic. galegroup. com/ic/whic/Reference. Details. Page/R eference. Details. Window? fail. Over. Type=&query=&prod. Id =WHIC&windowstate=normal&content. Modules=&mode =view&display. Group. Name=Reference&limiter=&u=leag 77573&curr. Page=&disable. Highlighting=false&display. Gr oups=&sort. By=&source=&search_within_results=&p=W HIC%3 AUHIC&action=e&cat. Id=&activity. Type=&scan. Id= Return to &document. Id=GALE%7 CCX 3403300077 Exhibit

Artifact 8 Cold War propaganda reached its heights in the 1950 s and 1960 s, they attempted to demonize communism and show the virtues of democracy and capitalism. American values were plainly shown through film, art, music, and literature. Although over time their pro democracy propaganda become more subtle and the government produced less of it. Things such as school, community, obedience, and loyalty were openly promoted in the 1950 s. http: //www. designer-daily. com/examples-ofamerican-cold-war-propaganda-2918 "Cold War Propaganda. " The Cold War. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit

Artifact 9 50 years ago Harvard and other universities competed against schools in other countries for superior education. American universities didn’t want to be behind in anything, especially behind the soviets in educating the next generation. Professors at American universities responded to the Soviets release of the first man made satellite, Sputnik, into space. A lot of fundraising was done to bring in money for better teachers. Overall they wanted to improve their education system and they fought to stay ahead of each other. "The Harvard Crimson. " Cold War Conflict Prompted Education Arms Race | News |. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //cronacheletterarie. com/2012/06/26/sputn ik-sweetheart-by-haruki-murakami/ Return to Exhibit

Artifact 10 The launch of Sputnik led to a whole lot of state and federal money going to schools. It was emphasized that getting a good education was our duty and our contribution to winning against the Soviets. Math and Science classes were better funded with new books and equipment. There was more money available for college grants and loans. At least twice a day the bells would go off and the children in schools all over America would have to get down on the floor and do a drill as if we were preparing for an attack. "H-Net Reviews. " H-Net Reviews. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014 http: //oregonstate. edu/instruct/ed 416/ae 8. html Return to Exhibit

Artifact 11 The launch of Sputnik also made people realize that there was a new frontier to be explored. Putting a man on the moon became an official government priority. Nasa was created in 1958 to bring together people to develop rockets, build space capsules and satellites, and to hire astronauts to become spacemen. In 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first humans to walk on the moon. Space flight became a real possibility and kids around the country started imagining their own trips to the moon. "Nebraska. Studies. Org. " Nebraska. Studies. Org. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //www. nebraskastudies. org/0900/frameset _reset. html? http: //www. nebraskastudies. org/09 00/stories/0901_0105. html Return to Exhibit

Artifact 12 Anti-Nuclear protests started in the late 1950 s and early 1960 s. In 1961 about 50, 000 women marched in 60 cities in the United States to protest against nuclear weapons. The women came together in a group called “Women’s Strike for Peace”. In the early 1980 s the revival of the nuclear arms race triggered large protests yet again. Millions of people took to the streets in cities all over the world to protest against nuclear weapons. Woo, Elaine. "Dagmar Wilson Dies at 94; Organizer of Women's Disarmament Protesters. " Los Angeles Times, 30 Jan. 2011. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Women_Strike _for_Peace_NYWTS. jpg Return to Exhibit

Artifact 13 There were many protest songs during the 1980 s that reflected the increasing tension with the Soviet Union. Ronald Reagan (US President) and Margaret Thatcher (UK Prime Minister) raised awareness throughout the world against the Soviets building their arms. Some musical artists wore military uniform-like costumes to reflect the feelings of the people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it. "Sting's Russians Was Inspired by Illegal Satellite Viewings. " Daily Express Showbiz RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014 http: //www. rferl. org/content/spies-spooks-androck-n-roll-at-twilight-of-the-coldwar/25354132. html Return to Exhibit

Artifact 14 Songs during the Cold War expressed a fear of a possible World War III. The song “Russians” sung by Sting, has a very well known lyric in which the singer states “I don’t subscribe to his point of view” in which Sting is telling people that he doesn’t agree that Reagan will protect Europe. He also doesn’t believe that the Russian president will not bury the West. The song speaks to both sides because it describes the thoughts of ordinary citizens that both superpowers are wrong. "Sting's Russians Was Inspired by Illegal Satellite Viewings. " Daily Express Showbiz RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //www. express. co. uk/news/showbiz/18707 0/Sting-s-Russians-was-inspired-by-illegalsatellite-viewings Return to Exhibit

Artifact 15 In the 1980 s punk rock bands attacked cold war era politics. Some examples of these bands would be “The Clash”, “Government Issue”, and “Fear”. In an attempt to promote international peace around the world, the compilation band “P. E. A. C. E”, released an album in 1984. The acronym stands for “Peace, Energy, Action, Cooperation, Evolution”. "Various - International P. E. A. C. E. Benefit Compilation. " Discogs. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/P. E. A. C. E. /War Return to Exhibit

Artifact 16 Cold War tensions between the US and the Soviets were also obvious during sports competitions, especially in hockey. In 1972 at the summer Olympics, the Soviets defeated the US in a gold medal game. In 1980, the US defeated the Soviets in the winter Olympics. John Soares, "Very Correct Adversaries: The Cold War on Ice from 1947 to the Squaw Valley Olympics, " International Journal of the History of Sport 30 (July 2013), 1536– 53. http: //www. frontpagemag. com/2014/lloydbillingsley/nbc-olympics-coverage-burying-cold -war-history/ Return to Exhibit

Artifact 17 In 1980, the summer Olympics were boycotted by the United States. At the next Olympics in 1984, the Soviet Union boycotted the games. The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan spurred the United States President to protest the war by boycotting the Olympics. This was an effective symbolic protest because of the visibility to the citizens of the Soviet Union. The athletes became the victims of these boycotts. The US was joined by some 65 countries in boycotting the games. Smothers, Ronald. "Bitterness Lingering Over Carter's Boycott. " The New York Times, 18 July 1996. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. http: //www. clipartbest. com/olympic-symbolsclip-art Return to Exhibit

Artifact 18 “The Manchurian Candidate” by Richard Condon portrayed a communist conspiracy against the United States. In the book they were accusing many people of being communist agents as a way of diverting attention from the actual communists. Basically, the story features an alliance between power hungry communists attacking the free world, with profit driven capitalists undermining their efforts for financial gain. http: //entertainment. time. com/2012/09/05/the-15 -bestpolitical-films-of-all-time-the-votes-are-in/slide/themanchurian-candidate/ http: //www. amazon. com/The-Manchurian. Candidate-Frank-Sinatra/dp/0792838289 Return to Exhibit

Artifact 19 The US and the Soviet Union engaged in competition in the arts. The Russians excelled at ballet and the Americans excelled at jazz. The US funded its ballet troops and both countries used ballet for political propaganda. In the 1960 s and 1970 s, the United States department sent its finest Jazz musicians to show off music that appealed to the youth. Also to demonstrate racial harmony at home. David Caute, The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy during the Cold War (Oxford University Press, 2003) Lisa E. Davenport, Jazz diplomacy: Promoting America in the cold war era (U. Press of Mississippi, 2010). http: //keepswinging. blogspot. com/2008/08/ken ny-garrett-beyond-wall. html Return to Exhibit

Artifact 20 Historians debate about the spread of American style consumerism to Western Europe and Japan was part of the cold war. American consumer power and influence shaped the vision of a rich society by developing distinctly un-American values. Post. War wealth promoted the social consumer who practiced public consumption. An example of this was buying your own car rather then using public transportation. "Project MUSE - One Foot Out of the Plastic Cage: The Un-Americanization of West German Consumer Society. " Project MUSE - One Foot Out of the Plastic Cage: The Un -Americanization of West German Consumer Society. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. http: //www. polyp. org. uk/cartoons/consumerism /polyp_cartoon_DVD. jpg Return to Exhibit