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Sexual Assault and Mental Health on College Campuses The Healthy Minds Network Webinar Series Session #17, September 2016
Welcome and About The Healthy Minds Network Research-to-practice network based at University of Michigan Public health approach to mental health among young people HMN Research-to-Practice Objectives: (1) produce knowledge (research) (2) distribute knowledge (dissemination) (3) use knowledge (practice) 3
HMN Announcements § Research Symposium § March 19 -20, 2017 § Depression on College Campuses Conference (March 20 -21, 2017) ▪ Enrolling for Healthy Minds Study 2016 -17: ▪ All types of post-secondary institutions, including U. S. and international 4 -years and community colleges ▪ Modular survey design ▪ JED Campus Program and Center for Collegiate Mental Health partnerships ▪ Benefits and data reporting
HMS Data Reporting
HMS Data Interface (data. healthymindsnetwork. org)
HMS Customized Economic Case Memo
Today’s Webinar § Sexual Assault and Mental Health on College Campuses § Presenters § Katie Buchholz, clinical psychologist § Holly Rider-Milkovich, Director of the Sexual Assault Prevention and Awareness Center (SAPAC) at University of Michigan § Discussion § Please submit questions at any point throughout the webinar using the chat box!
Mental Health Service Utilization Among College Students Reporting a Sexual Assault Katherine R. Buchholz, Sarah Ketchen Lipson, Tiffany M. Artime, Adam Kern, Daniel Eisenberg The Department of Veterans Affairs had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of this presentation
Sexual Assault on College Campuses Legal outcomes Prevention Media Attention Response
Definitions Rape forced, unwanted, or nonconsensual penetration Sexual Assault rape plus other unwanted or nonconsensual sexual contact
Depression Resilience Eating Disorder PTSD Mental Health and Sexual Assault Suicidal Ideation Substance Use Anxiety
Study Focus • Percentage of students endorsing past-year sexual assault • Demographics of student survivors • Clinical characteristics of student survivors • Rates and types of mental health service utilization • Barriers that prevent mental health service engagement
Percentage of students endorsing past-year sexual assault • • 2. 8% of the weighted sample of students reported past-year sexual assault • 4. 3% of female students and 1. 0% of male students Previous studies • • • Up to 5% female students report attempted or completed rape in a year 10% of female and 3% of male students reported past-year sexual assault 19% of women and 6% of men reported experiencing an attempted or completed sexual assault over a four-year college career.
Age Demographics Gender Other 11% Men 15% 23+ Yr. 19% 37% 18 -22 Yr. 81% 63% SA No SA 45% SA No SA Sexual 12% Minority 23% Minority 29% 31% Women 85% 55% Race White 60% 58% SA No SA 88% Heterosexual 77% SA No SA
Demographics Degree Level Living Situation Other 8% Grad 9% Off Campus 50% SA 23% No Problem 25% 23% 64% Undergrad 83% On Campus 50% 8% Tight, But Fine 51% 54% 69% 36% No SA It’s a Struggle 26% 20% SA No SA
Clinical Characteristics No SA SA 6 Moderate/Severe Depression 13 4 Severe Depression 13 12 Moderate Anxiety 17 7 Severe Anxiety 19 8 Eating Disorder 15 10 Suicidal Ideation 29 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Substance Use No SA SA 14 Binge drinking 26 17 Marijuana use 31 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Past-Year Mental Health Service Utilization of Student Sexual Assault Survivors Medication Overall 35% Therapy Overall 46% Med/Therapy Overall 53% Any Mental Health 45% Any Mental Health 57% Any Mental Health 66% No Mental Health 18% No Mental Health 23% No Mental Health 31%
Where Student Survivors Sought Therapy University Counseling Center 23% Campus Health Service 7% Other Campus Center 5% Community Provider 11% Other Location 11%
Informal Support for Mental Health Concerns among Student Survivors Friend Overall 76% Family Member Overall 55% Significant Other Overall 38% Any Mental Health 91% Any Mental Health 80% Any Mental Health 60% Any Mental Health 41% No Mental Health 81% No Mental Health 67% No Mental Health 45% No Mental Health 33% Informal Support Overall 87%
Barriers to Mental Health Services 51% “I question how serious my needs are. ” 45% “Stress is normal in college/graduate school. ” 49% “I prefer to deal with issues on my own. ” 33% “The problem will get better by itself. ” 46% “I don’t have the time. ”
Conclusions • Sexual assault is associated with mental health concerns • Approximately half of the student survivors sought mental health services • Majority did so on-campus • The vast majority of students endorsed utilizing nonprofessional sources of support
References Amstadter AB, Zinzow HM, Mc. Cauley JL, et al. Prevalence and correlates of service utilization and help seeking in a national college sample of female rape victims. J Anxiety Disord. 2010; 24(8): 900 -902. Fisher BS, Cullen FT, Turner MG. The Sexual Victimization of College Women. Research Report. Washington, DC 2000. Calhoun KS, Mouilso ER, Edwards KM. Sexual assault among college students. In: Mc. Anulty RD, ed. Sex in College: The Things they Don’t Write Home About. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger; 2012: 263 -288. Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Ruggiero KJ, Conoscenti LM, Mc. Cauley J. Drug-facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A national study. Medical University of South Carolina, National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center Charleston, SC; 2007. Krebs CP, Lindquist CH, Berzofsky M, et al. Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS) Final Technical Report. Bureau of Justice Statistics Research and Development Series; 2016. Krebs CP, Lindquist CH, Warner TD, Fisher BS, Martin SL. The campus sexual assault (CSA) study: Final report. 2007. Nasta A, Shah B, Brahmanandam S, et al. Sexual victimization: incidence, knowledge and resource use among a population of college women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2005; 18(2): 9196. Rothbaum BO, Foa EB, Riggs DS, Murdock T, Walsh W. A prospective examination of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims. J Trauma Stress. 1992; 5(3): 455 -475. Ullman SE. Mental health services seeking in sexual assault victims. Women Ther. 2007; 30(12): 61 -84.
ADOPTING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE Ideas for Institutions
On-Ramp to Service Engagement
Support Services for Students 24 -hr Crisis Line: anonymous; professional staff/intern; no continuity; low threshold to engage; no wait, no limit Advocate Chat: anonymous; intern; no continuity; very low threshold to engage; no wait, no limit 1: 1 advocacy appointment: professional staff/intern; high continuity; high threshold to engage; little to no wait, no limit 1: 1 short-term counseling: therapeutic; professional staff/intern; high continuity; high threshold to engage; 2 -4 weeks wait; limited sessions Group therapy: therapeutic; professional staff/ moderate continuity; high threshold to engage; limited sessions; screening required; wait up to 6 months
Goal 1: Increase Structured Social Support
Purpose of PLSG • Increase self-care skills for survivors • Decrease isolation and anxiety • Increase knowledge of services and destigmatize help- seeking • Increase resiliency • Retain and support student survivors
“Well-Trained” is Key • Two facilitators are chosen from our three volunteer programs. Need to be a current volunteers to apply • Comprehensive training involves, team building between the facilitators and training on group dynamics, active listening, conflict resolution, basic suicidality information, anxiety reduction strategies, and session planning • Weekly supervision; self-care check in is part of every supervision session
Goal 2: Increase Community Skills Key Concepts: Support Listen Empower
Other Institutional Efforts • In person training on responding to survivors for front-line staff • On-line training for Responsible Employees includes compassionate response training • On-line training for ALL new faculty and staff includes compassionate response training • Ally Training (8 hrs) offered 2 x a year
Goal 3: Decrease Survivor Isolation
Discussion (Q&A) To pose a question, please submit your question using the “Chat Room” in the bottom corner of the screen.
Thank You! Today’s webinar slides will be available on the HMN website: www. healthymindsnetwork. org/events/webinar-series Katie Buchholz: kbuchhol@med. umich. edu Holly Rider-Milkovich: hburmeis@umich. edu Healthy Minds Network: www. healthymindsnetwork. org | healthyminds@umich. edu
- Slides: 35