Welcome to the Anthropocene Anthropocene concept gets more

Welcome to the Anthropocene • Anthropocene concept gets more attention • Wat is the Anthropocene? • Anthropocene is the proposed name of a new epoch in which the Earth, its climate and atmosphere have changed through human pressure and influence. • An unprecedented epoch in which human influence is greater than all natural processes combined Sjoerd Kluiving – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculty of Humanities

Antropoceen is… Politiek

Antropoceen is… Economie

Antropoceen is… Maatschappij

Antropoceen is… Juridisch/Rechtsstaat

Humanities and the Anthropocene • Technosphere, Philosophical, who’s Anthropocene is it? • Machine Age? • Simplicity, pop-culture? • Is there for every new generation a new culture? • Is Anthropocene our new culture? • Intellectually stimulating

Quiz • Leven we nu in het Anthropoceen? • Ja/Nee • Wanneer begint het Anthropoceen? • A. Neolithicum/De steentijd 5000 -7000 jaar geleden • B. Romeinse tijd, 2000 jaar geleden • C. 1800 Industriële Revolutie • D. 1950’s Great Acceleration/Grote Versnelling

Welkom in het Anthropoceen • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fvg. G-pxlobk • Aanhangers van het Industriële Revolutie beginpunt

George Perkins Marsh 1801 – 1882 • book Man and Nature (1864) • argued that deforestation could lead to desertification "the operation of causes set in action by man has brought the face of the earth to a desolation almost as complete as that of the moon. " Bron https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/George_Perkins_Marsh

Antonio Stoppani 1824 -1891 • Geologist • In 1873 Stoppani acknowledged the increasing power and impact of humanity on the Earth's systems and referred to the 'anthropozoic era'. • This suggestion was ignored and considered unscientific at that time Bron: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Antonio_Stoppani

Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin 1843 – 1928) • Geologist • In 1899 Chamberlin proposed the possibility that changes in climate could result from changes in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide Bron: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thomas_Chrowder_Chamberlin

Vladimir Vernadsky • 1922: In theory of Vernadsky, the noosphere is the third in a succession of phases of development of the Earth, after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the biosphere (biological life) • 1926: hypothesizing that life is the geological force that shapes the earth. Bron https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vladimir_Vernadsky

Paul Crutzen, 1933 • Chemist, Dutch Nobel prize winner • Discovered hole in the Ozon layer • Renewed the idea of the Anthropocene Photo source: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Paul_J. _Cr utzen

The Anthropocene according to the humanities Libby Robin, historian Australia • Changing experts for the future: • • • Seeers & Prophets Novelists Sci. Fi Scientists Future Studies specialists Big Science Time Source: http: //www. kth. se/en/abe/inst/philhist/historia/persona l/libby-robin-1. 187396 • It takes more than 2 cultures to see the Anthropocene • Bottom-up instead of top-down, not just fixing…. Break down to the size of questions that people can respond to • ‘ 1 st time in Earth’s history, its future is being determined by both the conscious and unconscious actions of Homo Sapiens’ (Paul Crutzen) • How to bring the sides together? – to give the humans as an engineering solution? ? • It is hard if your narrative is negative

The Anthropocene according to the humanities Gaia Vince – Australian journalist • What does it mean for us to live in the Anthropocene? • How are we going to meet the crisis? • What is our relationship to nature? • We are reducing the ability to meet our needs in the Anthropocene • 9 -10 billion people >> double food production • Calories, variety in diet • Climate soil, appropriate crops • Growing crops on floating gardens (people’s solutions) • Humanities: people make up designer solutions • Awareness of climate change ( acceptance) • Free energy is/would be a massive game changer Source: http: //www. daytodaygk. com/gaia-vincebecomes-the-first-woman-to-win-the-topscience-book-prize/

The Anthropocene according to geologists Wendy Broadgate Future Earth Plastic around the globe Source: http: //www. geologyin. com/2016/02/plastic-hasbecome-part-of-earths. html Source: http: //www. futureearth. org/blog/people/dr-wendy-broadgate Why great acceleration? > complex answer, no (simple) cause and effect Are we facing a great decoupling? Great collapse? Research for global sustainability

Planet earth under new management • Since when? How many years ago ? • 60. 000 • 11. 000 • 8. 000 • 2. 000 • 300 Industrial Revolution • 70 Great Acceleration http: //www. futureearth. org/blog/2015 -jan-16/great-acceleration

Planet earth under new management 2 Fig. 1 Summary of the magnitude of key markers of anthropogenic change that are indicative of the Anthropocene. ‘Concrete world’, ‘plastic world’ How are Quaternary stratigraphic units defined? Human drivers of stratigraphic signatures Great acceleration Published by AAAS Colin N. Waters et al. Science 2016; 351: aad 2622

Planet earth under new management 3 Fig. 2 The production of selected new anthropogenic materials. Radiogenic signatures and radionuclides in sediments and ice New anthropogenic materials Colin N. Waters et al. Science 2016; 351: aad 2622 Published by AAAS

Planet earth under new management 4 Fig. 7 Increased rates of vertebrate extinctions. Biotic change as an indicator of the Anthropocene Colin N. Waters et al. Science 2016; 351: aad 2622 Published by AAAS

International Commission on Stratigraphy Ø Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy Ø Anthropocene Working group Ø Formal proposal was submitted in 2016 Ø Pre-decision expected on interim definition at INQUA Dublin congres summer 2019 Ø Formal decision expected in 2023

Rockström- Nature 2009, a safe operating space for humanity Identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries. . that must not be transgressed could help prevent human activities from causing unacceptable environmental change

Discussie: Leven in het Anthropoceen • Anthropoceen te breed om door een enkele discipline gedragen te worden • Formele erkenning door de geologische gemeenschap zou tot meer bewustwording moeten leiden • Veranderingen (bv. energietransitie) moeten van boven én van onderaf plaatsvinden • We kunnen ons huidige economische systeem niet meer handhaven in de toekomst

Doughnut economy • Ecological ceiling by Planetary Boundaries Rockstrom • Social Foundation by the 19 UN Sustainable Development Goals • In ensemble define the safe and just operating space for humanity • And move from the Anthropocene to the Sustainocene Kate Raworth, 2015

Terra. Nova The European Landscape Learning Initiative: Past and Future Environments and Energy Regimes shaping Policy Tools Funded by European Union: MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE ACTIONS - Innovative Training Networks (ITN) Call: H 2020 -MSCA-ITN-2018 Terra. Nova will run 2019 – 2023

Summary • The Anthropocene has arrived as a concept • Geology is still defining a formal definition • History has a legacy in discovering mannature relations • Sciences are focussing on natural processes • Humanities are concerned with human behaviour and response • Humanities and sciences are needed in a transdisciplinary approach

Vragen ? ?