Welcome to THE 1920 s UNIT Nicknames of

Welcome to… THE 1920 s UNIT

Nicknames of the 20 s… • • The Roaring 20 s The Jazz Age The Golden Age The New Era The New Freedom The Era of Wonderful Nonsense The Dry Decade The Lawless Decade

New Terminology of the 20 s: • Beaut • Gold Digger” • Cat’s Meow / Pajamas or Bee’s Knees • Playboy or Sugar Daddy • Blind Date • Two-timer and an Ex • Speakeasy • Moonshine, Sauce, Giggle water, Bathtub gin

• Copacetic; Nifty; Swell • Ritzy; Swanky • Go Fly a Kite! • For Crying Out Loud! • Hot Diggety Dog!

1920 s Culture: A good place to start: https: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=Igcu. BOVMGsg

Characteristics of the Flapper o Short hair o Short, straight dresses o Wore make-up o Drank alcohol o Smoked cigarettes

Clara Bow The “It” girl Silent Movie Actress

Women’s Suffrage The Right to Vote 1920

Strategies/methods used to get the vote: • Abolitionist strategies were borrowed! • Constitutional changes were brought up and mass meetings and protests help bring the message to everyone! • The National Womens’ Suffrage Association was formed!

The Declaration of Sentiments • Really controversial! “Declaration of Independence” by T. Jefferson was “fixed up” by a team of women to reflect women in American society!

Background information 1840 s: ? 1848: Seneca Falls 1890: Formed NWSA w/ Susan B. Anthony - THE leader 1920: 19 th amendment passed

Important Women • Lucretia Mott, a Quaker and PA resident participated in the Seneca Falls Convention where the Declaration of Sentiments was created. • Known for her work the “Discourse on Women” and for founding Swarthmore College here in PA!

Susan B. Anthony (Standing) with Elizabeth Cady Stanton http: //search. eb. com/wo men/articles/Stanton_Eliz abeth_Cady. html

Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Her BFF was Susan B. Anthony • Noted Abolitionist and temperance reformer. What’s temperance? • When she married hubby; she refused to say the obey part in the vows and told him upfront that HE was staying home with any children that they might have!

Susan B. Anthony A Quaker and teacher who started out working to advance the 13 th-15 th amendments. She thought suffrage for women had to be right around the corner! She was a labor activist (8 -hour day) , she tried to stop human trafficking AND the different social expectations between women and men!

Why would people… • Support the idea? • More representation • U. S. as a haven for all • Women helped in the war effort… • Who and why Opposed the idea?

How to add an amendment • What is an amendment? • A change to the highest laws of our country… • Who writes the amendment? • It must be approved by the state congresses • 3/4 of all states must approve it

The War of the Roses • • Nashville, Tennessee: 1920 Needed 36 states to ratify 19 th amendment Yellow rose = pro women’s suffrage Red rose = anti women’s suffrage • It took 3 votes to pass, last vote = FUNNY! • *For homework- read Harry Burns’ story and answer the QAR homework at bottom!

The 19 th Amendment says: • “The vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of gender. ” • It would take from 1920 -1984 to get every state in the union to ratify the amendment! Mississippi was last!

II. Fashion • WWI impacted fashion because all available material became necessary for the men and the war effort! Women also had jobs in factories beyond the normal scope of nursing and teaching so they needed outfits that reflected that work! PLUS…

Women now had $$$$$ • And freedom so… the layers in clothing were reduced, the dresses were shortened and attitudes changed. Silk stockings and heels introduced!

Textiles Mills inpacted fashion because • Clothing was now more affordable and capable of being massed produced.

The 19 th Amendment’s Impact on Fashion • Women ditched the confines of the Victorian period of dress. Things that were confining, long, or thought controlling were shortened or disregarded altogether!

MUSIC, CLUBS and DANCES Of the 1920 s

Background: • Jazz has its roots in slave culture and originated in New Orleans • It is characterized by simple harmonies and rhythms. • Famous jazz musicians of the 1920 s: • Bix Biederbecke • Bessie Smith • Louis Armstrong: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=S-l. Hr. DPj. Gf. Q • Billie Holiday: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 P 0 h. G 3 s. D 0 -E • Ella Fitzgerald: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pr. Vu 9 WKs 498

Music, Clubs & Dances of the Twenties: • Swing was born out of jazz and is focused on rhythm • Swing bands generally include at least 10 musicians • There are two types of swing bands: • Hot Bands or “JUMP” Bands • Extensive solos and improvisation • Ex: Count Basie and Duke Ellington • Sweet Bands • Less feeling and improvisation

SWING MUSIC: • Swing was born out of jazz and is focused on rhythm • Swing bands generally include at least 10 musicians • There are two types of swing bands: • Hot Bands or “JUMP” Bands • Extensive solos and improvisation • Ex: Count Basie and Duke Ellington • Sweet Bands • Less feeling and improvisation • Ex: Glenn Miller and Guy Lombardo

• Generally, the Caucasian bands have a tighter style while African-American bands have a looser style • Benny Goodman became known as the King of Swing • He was the first leader to integrate his band • He was also Jewish so his music was banned in Germany • Cab Calloway perfected the “call and response” and was known for his amazing ability to “scat”

IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC During the 1920 s, music crossed cultural and ethnic barriers like nothing had before. It was a key to bringing the races together and creating a better America. • • Example of Cab Calloway’s call and response: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 mq 4 UT 4 Vnb. E Janet Jackson’s take on the 1920 s: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2 Ubv 59 y. E 8 RI

Dances: • Lindy Hop, Jitterbug, Charleston • Characterized by: • Kicks, jumps, twists and turns • Variations on dances depending upon where you lived: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=psch 9 N 4 P m. O 4 East Coast- purer, faster; West Coast- slower

Sports Figures of the 1920 s

Satchel Paige • This baseball player’s true age was never known. He was a pitcher for the Black Barons in the Negro League for 20 years. He then played in the Major League in 1948 after it was integrated and is famous for striking out Roger. S Hornsby five times in one game.

Ty Cobb • This baseball player was nicknamed the “Georgia Peach”. He was an outfielder, but is recognized as being one of the greatest all-around players in history but his fierce competitiveness and bad temper earned him a bad reputation.

Gertrude Ederle • • This swimmer had broken numerous U. S. and World records in swimming. She was the first female to swim the English Channel and broke the best male time by over two hours. She developed an infection from this swim and eventually became deaf. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= K 8 PIVRsd 3 KE

Josh Gibson • This catcher for the Negro League was often compared to Babe Ruth because of his exceptional batting ability. He was very well-liked and respected by everyone. Unfortunately, he passed away one year before the two baseball leagues were integrated.

Jack Dempsey • This heavy- and lightweight boxer was also a U. S. Marine in WWI. After a severe hit, he won the famous 1927 Battle of the Long Count after his opponent failed to return to a neutral corner, which earned him four extra seconds. He retired in 1928 with a record of 65 -1 -1 with 47 knock-outs.

Gene Tunney • This heavyweight boxer was nicknamed the “Manassa Mauler” and “Kid Blackie”. His victories helped make boxing a popular sport. He lost the famous Battle of the Long Count when he failed to return to a neutral corner; this allowed his opponent four extra seconds to recover from the hit.

Jim Thorpe • This Olympic medalist played a variety of sports which include football, track, baseball, basketball, lacrosse, swimming, boxing, tennis and archery. He lost his Olympic medals in track after it was discovered he played semi-professional baseball. Some believe this was a discriminatory act due to his Native American ethnicity. He is labeled as the greatest all-around athlete of the first half of the 20 th century.

JIM THORPE: • https: //www. youtube. com/watch ? v=v. A 7 qi. Q 3 nxrs • “Is it fair to consider Jim Thorpe one of the best athletes of all time? Does this make you want to visit Jim Thorpe, PA or avoid it? Explain. ”

Charles Lindbergh • • This aviator took the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic in “The Spirit of St. Louis”. The plane was a single engine, monoplane. He is also known for developing the first artificial heart. He left the U. S. in the 1930 s after his young son was kidnapped and murdered. http: //www. biography. com/people/charles-lindbergh 9382609/videos/charles-lindbergh-new-york-to-paris 22736451733

Joe Jackson • This outfielder was also known as a great batter and nicknames “Shoeless” for taking off his cleats during a game because he was getting blisters. He played for the Chicago White Sox and was kicked out of baseball forever for his involvement in throwing the World Series in 1919. In truth, he knew what was happening, but refused to participate in the scandal.

Babe Ruth • He is considered the “Greatest allaround player” and nicknamed “The Great Bambino” and “The Sultan of Swat”. He held the homerun record for many years, led the league in walks, RBIs and runs scored. He is famous for “calling his shot” in 1932. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xy. Fa. LT-L 2 uk

Radio in the 20 s • Most prominent form of entertainment in the 20 s, 30 s and 40 s • Every house had at least one radio • Shows with an audience • Everyone dressed Entertainment News Sports Book reading Dramas Commercials

History of Harlem • Late 19 th century: • White upper class: great expectations for Harlem • Early 20 th century: • Property value decreased; Whites moved elsewhere; wealthy Blacks moved in • First “decent” neighborhood • Began to build up area around Harlem

History of Harlem con’t • World War I: • Many immigrants moved back to support their home country • Opened job opportunities for Black middle class who moved to Harlem

Northern Migration for Blacks • In search of a “new life” • Less racism, better schools & jobs • Migration – “an act of defiance” against social order & political constraints of South • Harlem=largest Black community

Background Information • Influenced by W. E. B. Du. Bois editor of “The Crisis”(NAACP publication) • Believed social equality achieved by promoting black culture, ideals & achievements • Believed educated black elite should lead rest to freedom promoting black pride & heritage • Ideas were in opposition to Booker T. Washington

W. E. B. Du. Bois: Called the “Black elite” the TALENTED TENTH

Booker T. Washington: Believed in: accommodation, compromise, industrial education

Alain Locke: (philosopher / sociologist) called Northern movement a “spiritual emancipation”

Harlem Renaissance • Influx of talented Blacks wanting to reach largest audience • Many clubs, theatre groups and literary discussions formed • Writers – Langston Hughes • Music – Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Billie Holiday • Artists – Meta Warrick Fuller, James Van Der Zee

Langston Hughes American Poet Let America Be America Again https: //www. youtube. com/watch ? v=lrqeyw. Xh. Kf. Y Ballad of the Landlord

Harlem Ren. con’t • Whites heard about HR & invested own money to support artists • War affected national views & attitudes • Loss of innocence & faith = cynicism • Found revitalization the Black Ren. • Jazz music • Thrill of danger − difference in culture − Gangster-owned clubs

Alaine Locke: “If I were to offer what Harlem had come to mean in the short span of 20 years, it would be another Statue of Liberty on the landward side of New York. ”