Welcome to SOCI 1010 Class 21 1 to

Welcome to SOCI 1010 Class #21 1 to go Metropolitan Community College

Agenda for Class #21 • Roll call game • Population, Urbanization and Ecology

The Study of Population and Urbanization

Demography • The study of the size, composition, growth and distributions of human population • Major variables – Births – Deaths – Movement

Birth Variables • Crude birth rate – number of live births per 1000 population • Fertility Rate – number of children born to women 15 -45 – number of children the average woman bears

Birth, continued • Fecundity – maximum production possible by each woman – number of children women are capable of bearing http: //www. starmoz. com/duggar-family-expecting/

Death Variables • Mortality rates • Crude Death rate – number of deaths per 1000 • Age and Cause specific Death Rates – infant mortality rates – deaths due to cancer or AIDS

Migration: Movement of Population • Net migration rate – difference between number moving in and the number moving out – immigration minus emigration

Internal Migration • Movement from one area to another within the country or state

“Essay on the Principle of Population” by Thomas Malthus, 1798 • Food supply increases at a linear rate (arithmetic) – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. • population increases exponentially (geometrically) – 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 etc.

• If population growth continues unchecked, then population will outstrip the food supply – positive checks – preventative checks • Neo-Malthusians – doubling time shortens with each generation – 6 billion reached 10/12/99

• Does the world produce enough food for everyone? • http: //www. thehungersite. com/cgibin/Web. Objects/CTDSites • How do we deal with the imbalance between supply and demand? • Describe current and future distribution issues.

Issues Affecting Food Supply • Types of crops • Water supply • Fertilization • Land usage • Hybridization of seeds • Political issues • Getting the food to the people who need it • Enabling the people to produce what they need

Issues Affecting Population Growth • Importance of parenthood • Status is earned by producing children for the community – exaltation of motherhood – machismo - number of children are a sign of virility

Population Growth, continued • Community is generally pronatal • Children are one’s social security • Ecological issues -- what to do with the “trash”? Where will the resources come from?

Urbanization Part 2

Lifestyle Changes When farming production led to surplus, some people were able to spend time in other pursuits …gathering in cities to do so.

Urbanization • Masses of people moving to cities and a growing urban influence on society • Worldwide process • Largely a result of the Industrial Revolution

Advantages of Urbanization • Incredible variety of services, activities and attractions • Anonymity • Opportunities for work

Gentrification • Movement of upper and middle class persons into the run-down inner city area – + Restoration and improvement – - Displacement and homelessness

Invasion and Succession • Dynamic competition of urban life • One group or activity moves into an area and the current residents move out to invade another area • Cycle is never complete

Social Change Processes • Invention • Discovery • Diffusion