Welcome to our class Class 16 Grade 2

Welcome to our class Class 16, Grade 2

The Black Death 流行病 Epidemics is a kind of _______. Definition: a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular area

Unit 21 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained

Part I Warm-up Look at the Key words. which of these diseases can be epidemics? Key Words AIDS, cancer, flu, headache, heart disease, stomachache Answers: AIDS, flu

Thinking: In the 21 st century , we have suffered from two large epidemics. Do you know what are they?

SARS, in 2003

Why are they wearing masks in warm May? H 1 N 1, in 2009

So what the other epidemics broke out in the history? Please open your books and turn to page 39 Epidemics throughout history

Part II Reading Strategies: ● Read the text with gaps to get the general idea and see how it develops. ● Read the sentences before and after the gaps to give you an idea of what the beinning or end of the missing paragraph might refer to. ● Read the missing paragraphs and look for these references. ●If a paragraph doesn't seem to fit, you may have made a mistake, so carefully reread each paragraph.

Fast-reading 1. Match the five paragraphs (A-E) with gaps 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 in the text. Paragraph 3 A Paragraph 5 B Paragraph 8 C Paragraph 10 D Paragraph 12 E

2. How many parts can we devide our text into? Part I Introduction Para. _____ 1 to Para. ____ 2 Part II Several epidemics from the past to the present 3 11 Para. ______to Para. ______ Part III How to fight againt the epidemics? 12 to Para. _____ 13 Para. ______

Careful-reading 1. Work in pairs. Do you think these statements are true (T) or false (F)? 1) Flu kills millions of people every year. 2) Epidemics have no effects on historical events. 3) Most diseases are very new. 4) Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in rural areas. 5) It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide 6) More people died in World War I than died of a flu epidemic in 1918/1919.

1). Flu kills millions of people every year. (T) affected _________ 2) Epidemics have no effects on historical events. ( F ) 3). Most diseases are very new. ( T )

4). Epidemics can wipe out up to half of urban the population in ____ rural areas. ( F ) 5). It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide. ( T) 6). More people died in World War I than died of a flu epidemic in 1918/1919. ( F )

2. Choose the best answer to each question according to the text. 1) Which kind of epidemics were not mentioned in the text? 2) A. Bird flu 3) B. the Great Flu Epidemic 4) C. the Swine Flu猪流感 5) D. SARS Answer: C

2) Which of the following epidemics is the most ———— acute in history? A. SARS. serious B. The Black Death. C. Bird Flu. D. The Great Flu Epidemic. Answer: D

3) The epidemic was called “The Black Death” because ____. A. people who died from the disease were all black people B. people became black when they were infected 症状 C. one symptom ————of the epidemic was black spots on the body D. it spread rapidly and killed many people Answer: C

4) SARS was also harmful to doctors and nurses who treated SARS patients because ______. A. no one really knew much about the 抗体 epidemic and they had no natural defences —————— like most people B. SARS spread quickly from the hospitals C. they had low immunity (免疫力) D. prescription _____ were given _________ drugs or tablets to patients first Answer: A

5) What has been considered important when doctors deal with epidemics? A. Thorough and systematic medical research. B. Teamwork among countries. C. Prescription drugs or tablets. D. Natural defenses against epidemics. Answer: B

6). How does the passage develop? A. In order of time B. In order of space C. In order of logic D. In order of place Answer: A

3. Complete the tables with the detailed information from the text. 贾斯廷瘟疫 Time 500 -550 AD Justinian’s Plague Para. 3 -4 Area The Death North Africa, the Mid East and Europe Up to 50 % of the area’s population Description: earliest on record • one of the _____ fall of the • one of the main causes of the ______ Roman Empire

The Black Death Para. 5 -6 Time In the 1330’s Area Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East The Death Up to one half of the population Description: • It spread _______ rapidly and became known as one symptom was ______spots on the body. black • War, _______ crowed cities provided the _______ perfect conditions for it to spread______. worldwide

Para. 7 -8 The Great Flu Epidemic (the Spanish Flu) Time Area 1918 Worldwide The Death Up to 50 million people Description: • the most _______ acute worldwide epidemic • It struck near _____ the end of World War I. • More people died of the ______ flu than died in the ______. war

SARS Para 9 -11 Time Area The Death 20022003 From China to the globe 774 Description: lung disease and spread • It began with a ______ quickly completely new. • It was _____ natural defenses • Most people had no _____ against the disease. alarming • It was still very _____.

Part III Speaking There are two topics as follow, you can choose one of them to talk. Make a dialogue with your partners or talk about your own opinion. 1. How did you feel after reading the article? 2. If a new epidemic broke out in our country now , what should our government do? What about you?

Part IV Homework 1. Review our text after class. 2. Finish Exercise 6 and 7 on page 39.

Part III Paraphrase 1. Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 译文：科学家现在猜测，这个地区超过50% 的人口死于这场瘟疫，使得它成为了罗马帝 国衰亡的主要原因之一。 结构分析：主语scientists，谓语是guess, that 引导一个宾语从句，在从句中，主语是 population, 谓语是died, 宾语是the epidemic， making. . . 是现在分词短语作状语。

2. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. 译文：许多人担心禽流感可能是下一次的全 球性的大瘟疫，特别是因为科学家们研究了 人体身上的组织，而这些人都是死于1918年 西班牙流感的，并最后证明禽流感是和它有 着同样病毒的一种现代变体。

3. Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible. 译文：与此同时，各国政府指出了这样 一个事实，就是对禽流感彻底地系统化 地医疗研究必须尽快找到治愈的措施。 结构分析：主语是governments，谓语 have underlined，宾语是the fact，后面 that引导的是一个同位语从句。

Part IV Language Notes 1. Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. [用法点拨] prohibit vt. “禁止；阻止（= to forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations）”，其用法有： 1) 后接名词或代词作宾语。 2) 后接动名词作宾语，动名词形式也可用 其复合结构，即sb / sb’s doing。

3) 构成搭配：prohibit sb from sth /doing sth 禁止（阻碍）某人做某事。 The police prohibit parking in the center of the city. 警方禁止在市中心停车。 The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在处理易爆物时，严格禁止吸烟。

forbid / ban / prohibit 都含“禁止”的意思。 (1) forbid是常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事” I forbid you to tell anyone. (2) ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“ 严厉谴责”之意, 只能用物作其宾语。 The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. (3) prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。 The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.

[即时演练] 翻译句子： 1) 有关规定禁止司机在开车前饮酒。 The regulations prohibit the drivers from drinking wine before driving. 2) 在加油站，吸烟是严厉禁止的。 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the gas station. 3) 他的家庭经济情况不允许他上大学。 Family finances prohibited his going to college.

They are only teenagers, so their parents ____ B them to smoke. A. prohibit C. ignore B. forbid D. block

2. Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite. [用法点拨] unite 意为“联合(= to act or work together)”， 如： We should unite to fight poverty and disease. 我们应该联合起来为消除贫穷和疾病 而斗争。

The more of the masses we unite with, the better. 我们联合起来的群众越多，就越有利。 unite 还可表示“统一；团结(= to become one; to come or bring together)”，如： After three years in prison he was again united with his wife and family. 他在狱中关了三年之后, 又与妻子和家 里人团圆了。

3. With all the international effort being made, we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. [用法点拨] faith 为不可数名词，意为“信心；信任 (=confidence；trust; strong belief)”，如： He has faith in my ability. 他对我的能力有信心。 I haven’t much faith in this medicine. 我对这种药没有多大信心。

[即时演练] 用faith一词翻译下列句子： 1. 我相信你；我肯定你会做好的。 2. I have faith in you；I am sure you will 3. do well. 2. 为什么你对他不守信用？ Why did you break faith with him? 3. 我再也不相信那个家伙了。 I’ve lost faith in that fellow.

4. Yet, somehow, it was forgotten by history until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. [用法点拨] concern n. 意为“担心；担忧(= a feeling of worry)”，如： The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable public concern. 最近犯罪率的上升成为了很多民众担 忧的事情。

She hasn’t been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety. 已经四天没见到她了。她的安全令人担 心。 concern还可用作动词，意为： 1)影响；涉及；关系到(=affect；be the business of sb)，如： This is a great event that concerns the future of our company. 这是一件关系到我们公司未来的大事。

2)关心（某事）(= to interest oneself in sth; be busy with sth) ，如： She’s always concerning herself about other people’s business. 她总是喜欢关心别人的事情。 3)使担忧；使烦恼(= to worry sb; to trouble) ，如： His illness concerns us all very much. 他的病情使我们感到很担心。

[拓展] concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 有关的；牵连的；焦急的，担忧的 be concerned with 与……有关；牵涉到 concern oneself with/about 对……感兴趣 be concerned about / for 关心；挂念 as / so far as. . . be concerned 就……而言；在……看来

[即时演练] 用concern完成下列句子。 1) 一位政府发言人对人质的生命安全 表示担忧。 expressed A government spokesman _____ concern______ about the lives of the hostages. ______ 2) 越来越多的人关心起环境问题。 are _____ concerning More and more people ____ themselves with environmental problems. ______ 3) 请不要为我操心了。 be concerned about me. Please don’t _____

4) 在我看来，这一观点是十分荒唐的。 As ___ far ___ as ____ I’m _____, concerned this point ____ of view is ridiculous. 5) 她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失 业问题的。 is concerned with Her latest documentary _____ youth unemployment. 6) 听着，他们正说关于你的事呢。 Listen! They are saying something concerning you ______.

5. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. [用法点拨] rather than 可作连词词组使用，连接两 个并列成分，表示在两者中间进行选 择，意为“是 A 而不是 B ”、“宁愿 A 而不愿 B ”等。

[即时演练]翻译下列句子： 1) 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。 It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up. 2) 他通常起得早，而不是起得晚。 He usually gets up early rather than late. 3) 他晚上去公园，而不是早上去。 He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.

4) 她是在笑，而不是在哭。 She is laughing rather than crying. 5) 他重建了房子，而不愿修缮。 He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired. 6) 我们应该帮助他，而不是他应该帮助 我们。 We should help him rather than he should help us.

6. Epidemics can wiped out up to half of the population in urban area. wipe out 彻底毁灭；勾销 No matter when the invader comes, they will be wiped out clean. Nothing could wipe out his bitter memory of the past. wipe up 擦净, 用拖把拖 wipe away 擦去, 除去（眼泪等）

7. With recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer. . . with +n. +v-ing� 构在� 里是作状� ， 表示伴随状� draw parallels between 指出. . . 相同之处； 在…之间作对照 in parallel 并行的, 平行的 in parallel with 与…平行 run parallel to (with) 与…平行 without (a) parallel 举世无双

8. . and left families mourning worldwide. leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 He left his wife waiting for him. Mother went out leaving her baby crying. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave. . . done / adj. / prep. 听任/使保持(某 一状态)

9. …, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的；敏锐的 He suffers from acute depression. It is urgent that the acute problem of air pollution in the city be solved. She complained of acute pains in her chest. She has acute hearing.

She has a (an) _______ eye for fashion， C which makes her a very good shopping companion. A. active B. swift C. acute D. dull

All the doctors of the world are trying their best to ___ B AIDS that has caused thousands and thousands of people to die. A. wipe off C. wipe away B. wipe out D. wipe up

Part V Speaking Complete these sentences about the text in your own words. 1) We know that epidemics have been with us for thousands of years because… 2) 2) An epidemic may have been one of the key causes of the fall of the Roman Empire because…

3) The ‘Black Death’ spread rapidly in Asia and Europe because… 4) SARS spread from Hong Kong to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore because… 5) Many doctors and nurses became ill with SARS because… How did you feel after reading the article? Tell the class.

Part VI Vocabulary Synonyms 1. Match the words from the passage (1 -10) with their meanings (a-j). ( i )1 trial, ( g) 2 prohibit, ( c) 3 pause, ( j ) 4 tendency, ( h) 5 acute, ( b) 6 statistics, ( d ) 7 routine, ( e ) 8 press, ( f) 9 tablet ( a )10 thorough a) complete, b) data, c) delay, d) habit, e) media, f) pill, g) prevent, h) severe, i) test, j) trend

Synonyms are different words with identical or very similar meanings. Synonyms can be any part of speech (e. g. nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both members of the pair are the same part of speech. student and pupil (noun) buy and purchase (verb) sick and ill (adjective) quickly and speedily (adverb) on and upon (preposition)

2. Complete the sentences with these words. mourn, faith , symptoms, prescription, systematic, tissue prescription 1) The doctor wrote out a ______ for my medicine. 2) When someone dies, it is natural to mourn _____.

3) I have a lot of ______ faith in Jim. I’m sure he’ll do the right thing. symptoms and I will 4) Tell me your _____ try to tell you what disease you have. systematic way, 5) If you study in a ______ you won’t leave anything out. tissue 6) The SARS virus affects lung ______.

3. Use the following phrases to finish the exercise on the rise die from die of provide…for… was harmful to a lack of make up 1. The hotel____ provides a reservation of tickets _____ for its residents. 2. How can we _____ make up to you for what you have suffered? 3. His father ____ died of cancer when he was 10 years old. 4. Eating much and exercising little _______ is harmful to your health. 5. The cost of living is on _____ the rise as prices are increasing at present.

Homework 1. Finish exercises 1 -5 on pages 84 -85. 2. Talk about the future of medicine. Example: Which of these things do you think will happen within the next 25 years? • New drugs will stop all diseases. • Doctors will find a cure for SARS. • Flu will disappear. • AIDS will cause large epidemics.

SARS

What more Epidemics do you know? Can you give some more?

Part I Warm-up In May, 2009, Mexicans are wearing various masks.