Welcome to North Africa Sahara Atlas Mountains Salt

Welcome to North Africa!

Sahara - Atlas Mountains - Salt Water Lakes

Common Throughout: n Qur’anic Recitation n Pronunciation, intonation, caesuras Not considered music by Muslims Zaffa (http: //www. zaffa. co. uk/about. php) n n Arab musical wedding procession Instruments: bendir drums, bagpipes, horns, belly dancers (& men carrying flaming swords) The Zaffa announces that the marriage is about to begin Is an ancient tradition (pre-dating Islam)

3 Popular Egyptian Musicians: Egypt is considered a transcontinental country Amr Diab: -best-selling Arab recording artist of all time -singer/composer of Geel pop music -blend of Western and Egyptian rhythms -most popular music video: N'eoul Eih www. amrdiab. net

Hakim: -Egyptian Singer -First person from an Arab country to perform at a Nobel Peace Prize event Umm Kulthoumm: -considered the greatest female singer in Arab music history -died in 1975 -genre “Arabic Pop”

Sudan -Northern Sudanese: -roots in Haqibah, a harmonic a cappella vocal style (uses the riq) -music used to enhance social/political movements Hip-Hop: -represents an avenue for peace -lyrics are used as an educational tool to reach child soldiers

Emmanuel Jal n n n Former child soldier from Sudan Saw his mother killed by the army he was forced to join Turned into a hip-hop artist to sing/rap about his experiences n Philanthropist (Gua-Africa, etc) n Emma Mc. Cune

Ethiopia -Mostly traditional music Is heard (as opposed to popular). A lot of their trad. music is shifting to electronic instrumentation. -Brass Bands: long-standing tradition that was introduced by orphans from Jerusalem -similar to Balkan Gypsy bands -“Irikum” Example

The Maghreb: In Islam, a prayer that occurs after sunset. The region translates to “place of sunset” (I. e. west).

Libya n n n Little or no pop music industry Libyan folk music (Touareg people) includes intricate clapping Traveling poet singers have spread huda across Libya (camel-drivers’ songs) n The rhythm is said to mimic the feet of a walking camel

Tunisia n Malouf: a type of music imported from the Andalucian region of Spain n Translates to “familiar” or “customary” An emblem of National identity Highly influenced by Turkish music

Algerian Rai n Algerian Folk music from Bedouin shepherds - combines the sacred & secular n n n Bedouin: Desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group Began in 1930’s Has lyrical themes about social issues Instruments: Gaspa, Guellal, drum machine, synthesizer Popular sub-genres: Wahrani, pop rai, Rai rock, Rai n’ B Important Musician: Cheb Khaled (1992 Album - Khaled),

Algerian chaabi (popular): n n frequently found in weddings/ceremonies Formalized by: El Hadj M’Hamed El Anka n n (d. 1978) - performed chaabi for 50 yrs Notable song: “Lahmam lirabitou” Inspired by Arab Andalucian music & Spanish flamenco Typical song: Mournful Arabic/Berber vocals w/ accompaniment

Morocco n Moroccan chaabi: frequently found in weddings/ceremonies n Similar to Rai (desert folk music) n Artist: Najat Aatabou § Song: “Hadi Kedba Bayna" ("Just Tell Me The Truth") § Sampled by the Chemical Brothers - “Galvanize” § British electronic dance duo

Mauritania n Music is predominantly Moorish n Musicians are the lowest caste (iggawin) n Their role: to spread news between villages 3 ways to play in the Mauritanian Tradition: “the white way” - Moors of North African stock “the black way” - Moors of Sub-Saharan stock “the mixed way” - Ex: Bena & Beiba (“the black way”)