Welcome to Fermilab NBI 2014 Sergei Nagaitsev 23

Welcome to Fermilab NBI 2014 Sergei Nagaitsev 23 September 2014

Fermilab after the Tevatron • Fermilab operates the largest accelerator complex in the U. S. , 2 nd largest in the world (even after termination of the Tevatron) • Apr 2012 – Sep 2013, ~18 months have been spent in shutdown and commissioning, adapting the accelerator complex after the end of the Tevatron era – Present mission: deliver high-intensity proton beams to explore the Neutrino Sector and rare decays • Fermilab accelerators are now ready for the world-leading neutrino program and investments! 2 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

What is on our plate? • Operating the Fermilab accelerator complex – Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) – more protons – Muon Campus projects – new initiatives – Test facilities (magnets, SRF cavities) • Projects: Muon g-2, Mu 2 e, LBNF, LCLS-II (at SLAC), PIP-II • Programs: MAP, LARP, ILC • Research: high-field magnets, high-power targets, SCRF, accelerator R&D towards cost-effective technologies, accelerator science, SC materials, new computational methods, new beam diagnostics, future colliders. • Commercialization of our accelerator technologies. 3 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Accelerators at Fermilab operates a total of 16 km of accelerators and beamlines • A 400 -Me. V proton linear accelerator (0. 15 km) • An 8 -Ge. V Booster synchrotron (0. 5 km) • An 8 -Ge. V accumulator ring (3. 3 km) • A 120 -Ge. V synchrotron (3. 3 km) • A Muon Campus Delivery ring (0. 5 km) • Soon: Muon g-2 ring • Transfer lines and fixed target beam lines (8 km) • Two high power target stations, several low-power targets 4 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Fermilab Accelerator Complex Linac: NTF, MTA BNB: Micro. Boo. NE Nu. MI: MINOS+, MINERv. A, NOv. A Fixed Target: Sea. Quest, Test Beam Facility, M-Center Muon: g-2, Mu 2 e (future) Also, test and R&D facilities: ASTA PXIE CMTF Various cryo test stands 5 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Historic Fermilab Proton Flux 6 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Proton Flux through Booster (last 10 years) 7 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Protons Flux to Nu. MI (last 10 years) • Started delivering protons to Nu. MI in 2005 – ~1. 55 e 21 in 7 years; NOv. A goal is 3. 6 e 21 8 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

More protons! • Fermilab has already delivered ~3. 5 times the number of protons on target to its neutrino experiments than both Asia and Europe combined. • The Recycler (8 -Ge. V) proton ring is now operational: – Recently achieved 350 k. W on target for Nov. A – Aiming at 420 k. W in 2015 and 700 k. W in 2016 • The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) has several goals: – Increased reliability of the Linac/Booster complex – Control of beam losses – Increased proton flux (15 Hz Booster operation) • PIP-II will replace the Linac not the Booster 9 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

PIP-II Site Layout (provisional) 10 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

PIP/PIP-II Strategy • Increase Booster beam repetition rate to 15 Hz (PIP) – 700 k. W to NOv. A concurrent with 8 Ge. V program • Increase Booster/Main Injector per pulse intensity by 50%; decrease MI cycle time modestly – Increase Booster injection energy to ~800 Me. V – Modest modifications to Booster/ Recycler/MI • To accommodate higher intensities and higher Booster injection energy 11 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

PIP-II Physics Opportunities • LBNF – 1. 2 MW of beam power on day one; 2. 4 MW ultimately – Flexible proton beam energy (60 -120 Ge. V) • Mu 2 e – 30 -50% increase in beam power immediately* – Potential for ~25 -100 k. W at 800 Me. V • Current Mu 2 e configuration limits to 25 -30 k. W • SBN – 30 -50% increase in beam power immediately* * Possible extension of Booster operations to 20 Hz is under consideration, but not incorporated into these estimates 12 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

Flexible Platform for the Future (PIP-III) • PIP-II Inherent Capability – ~200 k. W @ 800 Me. V – × 10 Mu 2 e sensitivity • PIP-III – Booster replacement – Linac or Ring? • 2. 4 MW to LBNF • Flexibility for future experiments – SBN, Muons, Kaons @100’s k. W • Compatible with muon acceleration needs 13 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014

High-power Target Systems • Target – Solid, Liquid, Rotating, Rastered • • Other production devices: – Collection optics (horns, solenoids) – Monitors & Instrumentation (high radiation/temperature) – Primary Beam window 14 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 – Absorbers/Collimators Facility Operations: – – – Remote Handling Shielding & Radiation Transport Air Handling Cooling Systems Waste stream Sep. 23, 2014

New Fermilab Targets in the Next Decade • g-2 (previously P-bar Source Target Station): – – Commissioning in 2016 -17 High-Z rotating target (inconel 718 alloy) Lithium lens at ~12 Hz (average) Pulsed Magnet (Momentum selection) • Mu 2 e – – p-bar lithium lens Commissioning in 2019 -20 High-Z, radiatively cooled target (tungsten) Mounted in large SC solenoid Only 8 k. W beam power, but radiation protection issues are a challenge due to solenoid • LBNE – – 15 Commissioning in 2023 -24 1. 2 MW beam power Low-Z target (graphite/beryllium? ) Difficult target, horn, beam window, radiation protection, remote handling challenges. Mu 2 e target concept Sep. S. Nagaitsev 23, 2014| Welcome to

Summary • Welcome to Fermilab, NBI 2014! • The success of our neutrino program depends (from accelerator point of view) on: – Integrated number of protons on target (POT) – Target Systems reliability – We have plans and new ideas in both areas! • Fermilab has already delivered more protons on target to neutrino experiment than any other lab. • Our aim is to make Fermilab the best place in the world to do research in neutrino physics. 16 S. Nagaitsev | Welcome to NBI 2014 Sep. 23, 2014