Welcome to Contemporary U S and World History

Welcome to Contemporary U. S. and World History Date: 12/12/12 Pg Assignment Date 60 1950 s Power Point Notes 12/3 Activity: Korean War 61 Red Scare 12/5 62 Study Guide 12/6 62 A Study Guide 12/6 Warm Up: Explain the overall conflict in Korea in the 1950 s and how it related to the Cold War. 63 Korea Notes 12/11 64 Korea ppt Notes 12/11 65 Unit 4 Vocab 12/12 -Homework: -Vocabulary due Friday

THE KOREAN WAR

• AFTER WWII: – KOREA IS SPLIT ALONG THE 38 TH PARALLEL – NORTH = COMMUNIST & USSR CONTROLLED – SOUTH = CAPITALIST & U. S. CONTROLLED – NORTH MILITARIZES, SOUTH DOES NOT – SOVIETS ASSUME THE U. S. WON’T DEFEND SOUTH KOREA • JUNE 25, 1950 NORTH KOREA CROSSES THE 38 TH PARALLEL INTO SOUTH KOREA

• SOUTH KOREA TURNS TO THE UNITED NATIONS • FIRST TEST FOR THE UN AS A PEACEKEEPING ORGANIZATION • SOVIETS PROTEST THE UN VOTE BECAUSE OF TAIWAN’S SEAT ON THE SECURITY COUNCIL • UN VOTES TO RESTORE THE BORDER AT THE 38 TH PARALLEL: – PRESIDENT TRUMAN ORDERS AMERICAN TROOPS TO SUPPORT SOUTH KOREA – GEN. DOUGLAS Mac. ARTHUR IS NAMED COMMANDER OF UN FORCES IN KOREA

• NORTH KOREAN FORCES ADVANCE TO PUSAN: – SOUTH KOREAN CAPITAL OF SEOUL IS CAPTURED – U. S. (UN) FORCES UNDER MACARTHUR HOLD THE PUSAN PERIMETER

AFTER HOLDING THE PUSAN PERIMETER, Mac. ARTHUR LAUNCHES A DARING AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT AT INCHON, FORCING NORTH KOREAN FORCES TO RETREAT.

• AFTER INCHON, TRUMAN ORDERED MACARTHUR TO DRIVE THE COMMUNISTS NORTH • THE UN MANDATE ONLY CALLED FOR A REESTABLISHMENT OF THE BORDER AT THE 38 TH PARALLEL • HOWEVER, TRUMAN SAW AN OPPORTUNITY TO: – DEFEAT COMMUNISM IN KOREA COMPLETELY – SECURE HIS REELECTION IN 1952 • THUS, UN FORCES PUSH INTO NORTH KOREA

ENTER THE CHINESE • COMMUNIST CHINA FELT THREATENED BY U. S. TROOPS • WANTED A BUFFERZONE BETWEEN THEM AND SOUTH KOREA • SENT 300, 000 TROOPS ACROSS THE YALU RIVER TO PUSH Mac. ARTHUR AND THE UN FORCES BACK • STALEMATE SOUTH OF THE 38 TH PARALLEL

WHO IS THIS KOREAN WAR MARINE PILOT? HINT: A BASEBALL LEGEND TED WILLIAMS

• Mac BELIEVED THE ONLY WAY TO DEFEAT NORTH KOREA WOULD BE TO ATTACK CHINA • TRUMAN DISAGREED, NOT WANTING TO PROVOKE THE RUSSIANS (WHO NOW HAD ATOMIC BOMBS) • Mac WENT TO CONGRESS AND MET WITH REPUBLICAN LEADERS BEHIND TRUMAN’S BACK • IF YOU WERE TRUMAN, WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

• Mac. ARTHUR WAS A WW II HERO AND MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENT & WAS VERY POPULAR WITH THE AMERICAN PUBLIC

NONETHELESS. . . • TRUMAN FIRED Mac. ARTHUR FOR INSUBORDINATION

Mac. ARTHUR’S RETIREMENT SPEECH BEFORE CONGRESS

I AM CLOSING MY 52 YEARS OF MILITARY SERVICE. WHEN I JOINED THE ARMY, EVEN BEFORE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, IT WAS THE FULLFILLMENT OF ALL OF MY BOYISH HOPES AND DREAMS. THE WORLD HAS TURNED OVER MANY TIMES SINCE I TOOK THE OATH AT WEST POINT, AND THE HOPES AND DREAMS HAVE ALL SINCE VANISHED, BUT I STILL REMEMBER THE REFRAIN OF ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR BARRACKS BALLADS OF THAT DAY WHICH PROCLAIMED MOST PROUDLY THAT OLD SOLDIERS NEVER DIE; THEY JUST FADE AWAY. AND LIKE THE OLD SOLDIER OF THAT BALLAD, I NOW CLOSE MY MILITARY CAREER AND JUST FADE AWAY, AN OLD SOLDIER WHO TRIED TO DO HIS DUTY AS GOD GAVE HIM THE LIGHT TO SEE THAT DUTY. GOOD BYE.

• STALEMATE FROM 19511953 AT THE 38 TH PARALLEL • EISENHOWER BECOMES PRESIDENT IN 1953 • ARMISTICE IN JULY OF 1953 ~ NO PEACE TREATY EVER SIGNED! • BOTH NATIONS SET UP TROOPS ALONG THE 38 TH PARALLEL, NOW CALLED THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE (DMZ)

TECHNICALLY, NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA ARE STILL AT WAR! THE DMZ IS THE WORLD’S MOST SECURE BORDER, AND SINCE 1953 THE TWO KOREAS HAVE DEVELOPED INTO TWO VERY DIFFERENT NATIONS…

WHAT DOES THIS NIGHT SATELITE PHOTO TELL YOU ABOUT THE TWO KOREAS?

SO IN SUMMARY…

THE “FORGOTTEN WAR” • KOREA WAS A LIMITED WAR: – CONTAIN COMMUNISTS – PUSH NORTH KOREANS OUT OF SOUTH KOREA • REFERRED TO BY U. S. GOV’T AS A “POLICE ACTION” • OFTEN CALLED THE “FORGOTTEN WAR”

PERHAPS BEST REMEMBERED BY MOST AMERICANS AS THE BACKDROP TO A POPULAR TV SERIES. . .