WELCOME to CBI 2013 Catholic Bible Institute Diocese

WELCOME to CBI 2013 Catholic Bible Institute – Diocese of Orange Orientation Session – August 24, 2013 Loyola Institute for Spirituality http: //loyolainstitute. org/cbi

Opening Prayer: “Enthrone the Bible in Your Home” o White Booklet & Gray Music Sheet o Place Bibles in the Center of your table o Song: “Praise to You, O Christ, Our Savior”

Overview of Today o o o o 9: 00 Introductions, icebreakers 9: 15 Session 1: Welcome/Intro to the CBI 10: 30 Session 2: Catholic Biblical Interp. 12: 00 Lunch 1: 00 Session 3: Biblical Fundamentalism vs. Contextualism/ Criticism 2: 30 Session 4: Intro to Biblical Studies 4: 00 Announcements, Prayer, Departure

Intro: CBI Team Randy Lopez (CBI Coordinator) Fr. Felix Just, S. J. (LIS Exec. Director) Cindy Guzman (LIS office@loyolainstitute. org) Sr. Christine Hilliard, C. S. J. Jess Moya Ryan Ignatius Pratt Edward Ray Magdalena Santiago

Icebreakers for Table Groups o Go around the table; allow each person opportunity to answer the first question before moving onto the second, then the third. Keep your answers brief so everyone has time to share. 1. Brief introduction – name and parish or religious community 2. What are you seeking to get out of the Catholic Bible Institute? 3. If you could spend a day with any biblical character, who would it be, and why?

1) Intro to the CBI o CBI History - Jess Moya n n n n Began in LA in 1993 Three-year program: OT, NT, Practicum Experiential learning: talks, discussion, prayer Reading and writing assignments Jess completed CBI in 2005 -2008 He then led Bible program in H. F. parish 2008 -2013 Now CBI also being offered here in Orange Expectations and Prospects for YOU?

1) Intro to the CBI o CBI Philosophy - Randy Lopez CBI offers an experience of encountering the Word of God that is: n Professional n Prayerful n Purposeful n Participatory n Pastoral n Personal

Faith Sharing Guidelines As we listen to others share how God is speaking to them, God can also speak to us. We need to listen attentively, with our ears and eyes and hearts open, in order for us to hear God speaking to us through others. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. See Jesus in every member of your group. Love each member just as she or he is today. Treat everyone as well as you want them to treat you (the “Golden Rule”). Share only what God is revealing to you about yourself and your life. Allow each person equal time to share, but don’t force anyone. Be courteous of one another. Allow each person to speak without interruption. Listening is even more important than speaking (we have two ears, one mouth). Do not try to solve another person’s problems. Do not teach, preach, judge, condemn, or give advice. Just listen and offer support. Do not share with others outside the group what you heard in the group. Confidentiality is essential for the trust level of a group. All members of the group assume responsibility for these guidelines. Gently remind and lovingly encourage one another if anyone forgets.

1) Intro: CBI Logistics o o o o 3 -Years; once a month (except summers) Registrations: Scholarships? Choice of Credit/Enrichment – changing later? Statement of Intent & Letter of Recommendation Monthly Reading/Writing Assignments for Year 1 Table Groups; Refreshments Sacred Space; MP/EP BOOKS

Books for Year 1: NT o o o o The Holy Bible (any Catholic “Study Edition”) Dei Verbum, “Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation” (Vatican II; http: //vatican. va) Ron Witherup. Biblical Fundamentalism. Kurt Aland. Synopsis of the Four Gospels. Raymond Brown. An Intro to the New Test. or Pheme Perkins. Reading the NT. 3 rd edition. Other: http: //catholic-resources. org/Bible

Intro to Biblical Studies Session 4: Catholic Bible Institute – Diocese of Orange Orientation Session – August 24, 2013 Felix Just, S. J. , Ph. D. – Loyola Institute for Spirituality http: //catholic-resources. org

What is the Bible? o Not just one book, but a whole library! n n o Greek biblia – “scrolls, books” (plural) Books not all same type, but different kinds/genres Some Key Terms (see “Glossary of Important Terms”) n n n Scripture Canon Bible Testament / Covenant scriptural / canonical / biblical non-scriptural / non-canonical / non-biblical

Wait! WHOSE Bible? o Many different versions, with different contents! n o Jewish Bibles vs. Christian Bibles n n o o Not just different editions or different translations Jewish: ancient or modern? In Hebrew, or Greek, or English? from Masoretic Text (MT) or Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)? Christian: Orthodox vs. Catholic vs. Protestant Bibles? New Testament – luckily, same 27 books for most (99%) Xns Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testaments: n n n Sadly, different versions for different groups! (see color handout) Jewish? Catholic? Orthodox? Protestant? Different names, numbers, order, categories, texts…

Hebrew Bible / Jewish Scriptures o Hebrew Bible / Tanak n Three Main Sections: Torah = “Law”? “Teaching, Instruction” Nevi’im = “Prophets” Khetuvim = “Writings” n Torah ca. 6 th Cent. BCE; Full Tanak ca. 1 st Cent. CE! n n n o (ancient & modern Jews) Septuagint (ancient Greek-speaking Jews outside Palestine) n Greek Translation of H. B. plus more books! n Begun 3 rd Cent. BCE; used widely by early Christians

Christian “Old Testament” o “Hebrew Bible” / “First Testament” / “Old Testament”? n o “Old” does NOT mean “bad, defunct, out-of-date” Differences between HB & OT: n Foundational texts are different: o o n Total number of biblical books is different: o n n n Modern Jewish Bibles are based on the Hebrew Bible (HB or MT) OT section of Christian Bibles are based on the Septuagint (LXX) Jews count 24, Protestants 39, Catholics 46, Orthodox up to 53 Arrangement of the categories of books is different Names/Titles of some books are different Categorization of some books is different

Summary: HB vs. LXX vs. OT o o Hebrew Bible (Ta. Na. K – ca. 1000 -400 BCE; canonized 90 CE) n 3 sections: Torah, Nevi’im, Khetuvim (24 books) Septuagint (LXX – compiled ca. 250 -100 BCE) n n n o Greek translation, rearrangement, and expansion of HB 4 sections: Law, History, Wisdom, Prophets “Deutero-canonical” books added: T. J. Mc. Web Christian Old Testament (OT – as of 1 st Century AD) n n n Law/Pentateuch, Historical, Wisdom, Prophets Catholics follow Alexandrian Canon (46 books total) Protestants removed the “Apocrypha” (39 books left)

Christian “New Testament” o Christian Scriptures? Second Testament? n n n o Luckily the same 27 books for (almost) ALL Christians Written in last 1/3 of 1 st Century AD Individual writings, all in Greek, only later collected Four Main Sections: n n Gospels (Synoptics & John) Acts of the Apostles Letters/Epistles Revelation/Apocalypse

New Testament Overview NT Content: l l l 27 “books” (incl. many letters) All originally written in Greek Later translations: Latin, etc. Composition History: l Jesus’ Life/Death/Resurr. (ca. 30) l l Apostolic Preaching: Oral Traditions Early Written Sources (30’s? 50’s? ) l l Letters/Epistles (50’s – 110’s? ) Full Gospels (late 60’s – 90’s? )

NT Structure & Genres Four “Gospels” (Euangelion, lit. “good news”) l Canonical Order: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John (but Mark is oldest) One “Acts” of the Apostles l Vol. 2 of Luke’s work (traveling companion of Paul? ) Twenty-One “Letters” or “Epistles” l “Pauline Letters” – attributed to Paul of Tarsus l l Named after Communities & Individuals TO WHOM written 7 “Undisputed” & 6 “Disputed” Hebrews – vaguely Pauline; not really a “letter” but a sermon “Catholic/General Epistles” – attribute to other apostles l James; 1 Peter; 2 Peter; 1 John; 2 John; 3 John; Jude One “Apocalypse” = Book of Revelation (singular!)

Ancient Writing Materials Papyrus (reed plant) l l l Cut in strips, flattened Less expensive, durable www. earlham. edu/~seidti/iam/papyr us. html Vellum / Parchment l l l Animal skins, prepared More expensive, durable www. earlham. edu/~seidti/iam/parchme nt. html Other Materials: Stone, Clay,

Ancient Writing Format Scroll l l Rolled, sealed on outside Written on one side only Papyrus or Vellum www. earlham. edu/~seidti/iam/roll. ht ml Codex l l Sheets stacked, bound Written on both sides Papyrus or Vellum www. earlham. edu/~seidti/iam/codex. html

Ancient Scrolls Pompeii: Wall Painting l Prior to AD 79 (when Pompeii was buried by lava from Mt. Vesuvius) l Girl reading a scroll (a letter or short book). l Seated woman with a scroll in her left

Ancient Writing Ancient Wall Painting l Woman holding a book and a writing stylus

Biblical Texts Pre-Constantine Era (1 st – 3 rd Cent. ) l l Christians were poor, persecuted, minority NT texts: only few papyrus scraps survive Emperor Constantine l l Edict of Milan (312 C. E. ) Imperial support of Christianity Construction of Churches Full Bible Codices on Vellum some survive from 4 th / 5 th Cent. : l Codex Sinaiticus l Codex Vaticanus

Writing Styles Manuscripts l l l Printing Lit. “hand-written” Majuscule l (ALLCAPSNOSPACES) l Minuscule (lower case, punctuation) First: carved wood blocks Moveable type: ~1453 Johannes Gutenberg

P 52 - Oldest NT fragment Ca. 125 – 150 C. E. (now in John Rylands Library, Manchester) l kchanson. com/ANCDOCS/greek/johnpap. html l front: John 18: 31 -33 back: John 18: 37 -38

P 75 Papyrus Bodmer XV l l Ca. 175 – 225 C. E. End of Luke & Start of John; both on same page! (so Luke/Acts separated)

P 46 Oldest manuscript of the Pauline letters. l Originally part of the Chester Beatty Papyri l Written ca. AD 200 l Total of 104 pages, but several are now missing l Included at least ten of the Pauline letters

Bible Versions & Translations n Ancient “Versions” (Languages): n n Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, etc. Modern Translations: German, English, Spanish, etc. n Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Ecumenical n n English Translations (sometimes also called “Versions”): older: KJV, Douay-Rheims, etc. n newer: JB , RSV, NEB, NAB, NIV, etc. n

Bible Formats & Editions n Ancient Writing Materials & Formats: Papyrus (plant) & Vellum (skins) n Scroll (rolled) vs. Codex (bound) n Majuscule (ALL CAPS) vs. Minuscule (small letters) n Manuscripts (hand-written) vs. Print Editions (since n 1453) n Modern Editions & Publications: Reader’s Editions: text only n Study Editions: intros, footnotes, maps, etc. n Same translation might be used in different n

Manuscripts vs. Print Editions n Manuscripts = “written by hand” (ancient or modern) n Copying introduces differences (intentional or accidental) n n Many small differences in spelling, grammar, word choice Some large differences in content, placement, omission of whole books! Printing invented in 1540’s (Gutenberg Bible) – standardization We have no original MSS, only “copies of copies” n n First MSS written long after events; surviving copies even later Oldest HB texts before 1940’s: "Masoretic text" (9 th -10 th CE) n HB books in DSS (discovered 1940’s): written in/before 1 st Cent.

Why So Many Translations? n n n No original manuscript of any biblical book has survived! Extant manuscripts contain numerous textual variations! Important old manuscripts were found in last 200 years! Meanings of some biblical texts are unknown/uncertain! Ancient languages are very different from modern ones! Every "translation" is already an "interpretation"!

Two Main Types of Translation n “Formal Correspondence” Translations n n n Preserve original wording & word-order of Hebrew & Greek Require explanations (footnotes) to avoid misinterpretations Good for in-depth academic study of the Bible Difficult to understand when heard or read aloud Ex: Douay-Rheims, KJV/NKJV, RSV/NRSV, NAB, NIV “Dynamic Equivalence” Translations n Focus on meaning & ideas, not “word for word” translation

Alternative Versions n “Biblical Paraphrases” Not accurate translations (don’t even claim to be) n Often intended for children or teenagers n Condense and/or omit much of the biblical material n Freely change the wording of the original texts n n “Amplified Bible” n “Amplifies” the text, adding many extra words & phrases to explain the meaning (but whose opinion? )

Which Is the Best Translation? n Over 500 different translations in English today! n n No “Perfect” or “Best” Translation Exists! n n More and more produced each decade But some are better than others, for various purposes More Recent Ones are Usually Better: Based on best/oldest manuscripts discovered in past 50 -150 years n New insights from biblical scholarship n So avoid KJV or Douay-Rheims ! n

Translations vs. Editions? n Bible Translation (or Version) n n n An interpretation of the meaning of the Bible from its original languages into another (modern) language Ex: King James Version (KJV), New English Bible (NEB), New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), Jerusalem Bible (JB), New American Bible (NAB), etc. Reader’s Edition – translation printed w/ little extra material n Study Edition or Study Bible n n Printing of a certain translation by a particular publisher, with added introductions, study helps, commentary, references, etc. Ex: “The Catholic Study Bible: New American Bible”;

What’s the Point? n What Is the Bible? That’s a complex question! n Whose Bible? Different versions (Jewish, Prot, Cath) Different contents, based on different manuscripts. n Different translations, due to many factors. n n Not All Bibles Are Equal ! Newer translations are often better than older ones. n Study editions provide helpful tools for learning. n

Resources for Biblical Study n See the Basic Bibliography (handout or online) for details n Study Bibles (with good intros, notes, maps, etc. ) Bible Dictionaries (alphabetical order of entries) Bible Commentaries (canonical order of books) Bible Atlases Bible Concordances Other Resources n n n

Use of Bible in Liturgy & Prayer n Lectionary Readings: n Catholic: Lectionary for Mass Protestant: Revised Common Lectionary n See the Roman Catholic Lectionary website n n Personal Prayer & Study: n n n Lectio Divina Reading the Bible Daily Small Group Bible Study

Biblical References: Caution! n Book Names & Abbreviations n n n n Ex vs. Ezr Hb vs. Heb Jon vs. Jn Phil vs. Phlm Ti vs. Tim Jn 1 vs. 1 Jn 1 Cor vs. Cor 1 ? n Chapter & Verse Numbers n n n n John 9: 12 John 9, 12 John 9: 1 -12 John 9: 1; 12: 36 John 9: 1 -12, 36 John 9: 1— 12: 36

Closing Prayer n See Gray Handout n Song: “Open My Eyes, Lord”