Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy Physiology I

Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)… Please be sure you initialed the attendance sheet! You should do this each time you come to lecture. 1

General Information • Who am I? – Greg Erianne, Ph. D. – Office SH 205 – See Course Policies for Office Hours – E-mail - CCM: gerianne@ccm. edu – Telephone; 973 -328 -5377 (voice mail) 2

Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition Marieb w Hoehn Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1 3

Course Web Sites • Our Web sites for this class are located at: – http: //www. gserianne. com/science/Gerianne. Bio 101 (Main) • • Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!) Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats) Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides Links to many other sites including Mc. Graw Hill Publisher’s Web site Extra credit assignments – http: //courses. ccm. edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary) • You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site • This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things – http: //masteringaandp. com (from Pearson Science) • You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site before • Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it! – Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent) 4 4

Overview of Today’s Lecture • • Course Web sites and Publisher Web site Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book Course Objectives and Syllabus Review Blueprint for success • • Organization of the Human Body Characteristics of Life Homeostasis Anatomical Terminology 5

Textbook/Laboratory Manual • Course Description – Lecture / discussion format • Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9 th edition closely – Figures used for class – Laboratory • Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 10 th edition – Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab 6

Major objectives of this course • In general, you will… – Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides – Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology – Further develop your ability to think logically and critically • Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts… 7

Blueprint for Success • Most importantly… – Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes – Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture – Ask questions if you don’t understand – Continually review previously learned material – Use all the study aids available to you – ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!! • **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne. com Web site – Please review this!!! • **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself 8

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy – study of structure - Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types? ) - Cytology (microanatomy) – cells - Histology (microanatomy) – tissues Physiology – study of function - Specialized, e. g. , neuro-, cellular-, patho- - Comparative physiology Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes What’s this red stuff all about, anyway? 9

How Structure Determines Function Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010 10

Levels of Organization Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010 11

Important Definitions of Organizational Terms • Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something? ) • Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions • Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions • Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together 12

Characteristics of Life What makes something ‘alive’, or living? Movement – change in position; motion Responsiveness – reaction to a change Growth – increase in size or cell number Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods 13

Characteristics of Life (cont’d) Digestion – breakdown of food substances Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into different substances Excretion – removal of wastes Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids 14

Requirements of Organisms Water - most abundant substance in body (60 -80% of BW) - required for metabolic processes - required for transport - regulates body temperature Food - supplies energy - supplies raw materials to build/replace body components 15

Requirements of Organisms (cont’d) Oxygen - one-fifth of air - used to release energy from nutrients Heat - form of energy - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing 16

General Function of Organ Systems A&P II 17

Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1. 3 in Marieb) Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 18

Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous Rapidly-acting, short-term control (Skeletal muscle shown) Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 19

Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system) Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 20

Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 21

Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 22

Organ Systems – Reproductive Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 23

Homeostasis A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment **Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes • Receptors - provide information about environment • Control center - tells what a particular value should be • Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment 24

Homeostasis The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside. (Interstitial fluid) Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent 26

Homeostasis Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 27

Homeostasis • Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant! – Continual variations occur in body systems – Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B) • Examples of negative feedback (most things) – Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood glucose levels • Examples of positive feedback – Blood clotting, milk production, uterine contraction 28

Homeostatic Mechanisms Notice that this occurs in a ONE -WAY circuit. Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010 29

Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d) Know the normal temperature of the body Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, Notice that this occurs in a ONE -WAY circuit. 30

Serous Membranes Visceral layer – covers an organ Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall Thoracic Membranes • Visceral pleura • Parietal pleura • Visceral pericardium • Parietal pericardium Abdominopelvic Membranes • Visceral peritoneum • Parietal peritoneum Serous fluid – thin, watery, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes 31

Serous Membranes Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of? ) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010 32

Serous Membranes Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What system is each organ a part of? ) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010 33

Review • Anatomy = structure; physiology = function • Structure determines function • The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity – Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ system • The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis 34

Review • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment – Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s) – Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism • Body cavities are lined by serous membranes – Visceral – Parietal • Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities. * 35