WELCOME TO BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
WELCOME TO BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH CAMBRIAN COLLEGE
Objectives To be introduced with the common necessary topics, terms, structures as well as the summary of the Grammar
***Class : 02 Elements of Sentence & Parts of Speech By the end of the lessons you will have – (i) understood the structure and elements of Sentences. (ii) Understood the position of different Parts of Speech in a Sentence or Phrase.
Notice the explanation Parts of Speech Ask Gi Dw³/ev. K¨
So, from the above figure we can easily understand that , if we want to analyze Parts of Speech which is the formal way of learning language, we find that we need to study, analyze Sentence at the very beginning.
Now we are going to learn the basic elements of Sentence & necessary Parts of Speech �Sentence: A Sentence is a group of words which makes a complete sense. � 1. Model Structure: S+ Verb + Extension KZv© + wµqv + ewa©Z Ask She writes a letter. �Notes: Extension includes Object / Complement / Adverbials/Prepositional
� 2. w. Kš‘ evsjv ev‡K¨i MVb: S + Object / Complement / Adverbial/Prepositional ] ‡m S w. Pw. V Obj †j‡L V + Verb
� 3. GKw. U Sentence Gi Subject Ges Object me©`v. B Noun/Pronoun/Noun Phrase/Noun Clause. �(i) My elder brother Subject (Noun Phrase) nice pencil. Obj (Noun Phrase) bought V a
4. Subject ev KZv©: Sentence Gi g‡a¨ †h, hviv †hw. U, †h¸‡jv Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i Zv‡K Subject ev KZ©v e‡j| Avevi, Sentence G hvi m¤ú‡K© w. KQz ejv nq Zv‡K Subject ev KZ©v e‡j �(i) mvavi. YZ Finite Verb Gi c~e©e. Zx Ask Subject. The old man sitting near the pond Sub=Noun Phrase watching some water snakes. Obj=Noun Phrase was F. V
�(ii) mvavi. YZ Finite verb Gi Dci †K, Kviv, w. K, ‡Kvbw. U, †Kvb¸‡jv cÖf„w. Z Øviv cÖkœ K‡i Dnvi evg cvk¦© †_‡K †h DËi cv. Iqv hvq Zv. B Subject ev KZ©v| �The horrible sound of the stone-breaking machine disturbed us. Sub=Noun Phrase FV j¶¨ Ki t Kx wei³ K‡iw. Qj? DËi t The horrible sound of the stone breading machine. AZÎe, GB Ask subject=Noun phrase.
� 5. Object ev Kg©t Subject ev KZ©v hv‡K Avkªq K‡i Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i Zv‡K object ev Kg© e‡j| �(i) mvavi. YZ Finite verb Gi Dci Kv‡K, Kv‡`i‡K, w. K, †Kvbw. U, †Kvb¸‡jv w. K w`‡q, w. K‡mi mvnv‡h¨, Kvi R‡b¨ cÖf„w. Z cÖkœ K‡i Dnvi Wvb cvk¦© †_‡K †h DËi cv. Iqv hvq Zv. B object ev Kg©|
Examples �I want Belal. �Kv‡K Pv. I? DËit Belal- †K, AZGe Belal n‡jv object ev Kg©| Kvi. Y, Kv‡K Øviv cÖkœ K‡i DËiw. U cv. Iqv †M‡Q| I know that he stole the pen. Obj=Noun Clause �Kx Rvb? DËit †m †h Kjgw. U Pzwi K‡iw. Qj | �
6. Complement : †Kvb Verb Gi cie. Z©x ‡h Ask H Verb Gi Subject Gi ¸Y ev cwi. Pq cÖ`vb K‡i Ges D³ Ask Qvov Verb w. U A_© m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K Complement e‡j| D‡jøL¨, GLv‡b Verb w. U n‡jv Linking Verb A_©vr, †h Verb Gi cie. Z©x Ask H Verb Gi Subject Gi ¸Y ev cwi. Pq cÖ`vb K‡i Ges D³ Ask Qvov Verb w. U A_© m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K Linking Verb e‡j|
Examples Mr. Mohin is. Here the Verb ‘is’ is not giving the complete expression or meaning. But if we add ‘honest’ or, ‘ an honest man’ or, ‘ a doctor’ after ‘is’ , it can complete its meaning. So, These Word and Phrases are Complements.
‡h Parts of speech Verb, Adjective ev Aci †Kvb Adverb ‡K modify ev we‡kvwl. Z K‡i Zv‡K Adverb / Adverbial e‡j| � 7. Adverbial : Again, Verb ev wµqv, †h ¯’v‡b, †h mg‡q, †hfv‡e, †h Kvi‡Y, h. Zevi, †h k‡Z© m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K Adverb / Adverbial e‡j|
Examples i) Mita walks slowly. Adverbial i) Milon goes to market. Adverbial i) Helal failed for indifference. Adverbial
8. Prepositional : When Preposition + Noun / Noun Phrase/Pronoun is not used as adverbials, it is called Prepositional Phrase. Examples: i) I posted aletter to him. ii) Please send this news to Mr. Russel. iii) Rita wrote a letter with a pen. iv) Shantona is waiting for Nupur.
Parts of Speech �Definition: ev‡K¨i AšÍM©Z cÖ‡Z¨Kw. U A_©‡eva. K kã‡K Parts of Speech e‡j| Hurrah! We have won an exciting match Inter. Pron. Verb and everyone of us Pre. Pro. Conj. Pro. Adjective has Noun enjoyed it Verb Pro whole-heartedly. Adverb In the above Sentence every word is a Parts of Speech.
Classification of Parts of Speech 1. Noun : A noun is a naming word. Ex: Hasan, Man, Iron, Army, Honesty etc. 2. Pronoun : A pronoun is a replacing word. Ex: I, we, he, she, they, you, his, him, it etc. 3. Adjective : An adjective is a qualifying word. Ex: Good, some, his, five, this etc. 4 Verb : A verb is a doing or action word. Ex: be, eat, write, see, go, come etc
5. Adverb : An adverb is a modifying word. Ex: properly, here, fast, often etc. 6 Preposition : A preposition is a relating word before noun or Pronoun. Ex: after, at, across, along, before, by, beyond, behind, beside for, from, forward, into, inside to, toward, up under, within, without. on, over, onto, of, etc
7. Conjunction : A conjunction is a joining word. And, or , but, yet, so, and so, therefore, and therefore, else, otherwise, not only but also , after, before, when, as , since, because, though, although, who, which, what, if, how, where , that to 8. Interjection: An interjection is an emotion expressing word. Ex: Alas! Fie! Ah! etc.
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