Welcome Please sign in at the front Please

Welcome • Please sign in at the front. . • Please be aware that you will be put into a team: 1, 2, 3, or 4, so please go ahead and break yourselves up into these teams so that we can get started quickly. If anyone comes in late, please take them into your teams. Don’t just leave them hanging.

Getting started • This review will be posted on my SI resources site (See Vista), so there’s no need to write everything down. (unless you just want to) • This session is much different than a regular SI session: this is a fast-paced review rather than going into the material in depth. • Shameless plug: People who come to my SI sessions typically do better on their tests. Please come, having more people generally makes the sessions more enjoyable.

Rules • Each team will have a chance to work together to answer questions in order: Team 1, 2, 3, 4 • If the team cannot answer all parts of a question, the question will be passed to the next team (this is separate from the bonuses). • Please put your notes away unless you are writing in them, no points will be awarded for finding info in your notes.

Vocabulary 1 Vocabulary 2 Places Visited 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 Extras

Vocabulary I for 100 Fill in the blank: A ______ is a reasonable guess of what will happen in a set of experiments a) Prediction b) Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a reasonable guess of what will happen in a set of experiments a) Prediction -a specific educated guess as to what will happen specifically under a set of circumstances: Ex. in the fish lab experiment, “A change in water temperature will have an impact on fish growth. ” b) Hypothesis ex. in the fish lab, “Environmental factors affect fish growth.

Vocabulary I for 200 What is an ecological footprint?

An ecological footprint is a person or group of people’s total impact on the environment.

Vocabulary I for 300 What is the “Tragedy of the Commons? ”

The tragedy of the commons occurs when there is a public unregulated resource that is overused to the point of severe deterioration or even destruction of that resource. A few examples we talked about in class were the trees on Easter Island, lobsters off the coast of New Jersey, and the Mongolian grasslands.

Vocabulary I for $400 There are three kinds of variables we talked about: – Independent – Dependent – Controlled Give an explanation and example of each

Independent = does not depend on the other variable (temperature) Dependent = depends on the independent variable (average weight of the fish) Controlled variables = held constant during the experiment (light, age of fish, dissolved oxygen)

Places for 200 What supposedly happened to the trees on Easter Island?

In addition to using the trees for everyday life (boats, firewood, homes, etc. ), the native people of Easter Island used the trees to transport Moai(sp? ) – large stone statues. Eventually, they used up all of the trees.

Vocabulary II for 100 What is sustainability? What does it mean for a business to be sustainable?

Sustainability is the ability to be able to continue. In ecological terms, it means having as little impact on the environment as possible, so that the earth can continue to provide the resources being used.

Vocabulary II for $200 What is the difference between environmental science and environmentalism?

Environmental science – the study of the environment and its interaction with other living and nonliving things Environmentalism – social movement based on respect for(or responsible use of) the environment

Vocabulary II for 500 What are the differences between the preservation ethic, conservation ethic, and the land ethic? Bonus: 100 – name the major proponents of each

Vocabulary II for 500 Preservation Ethic: Leave it alone - John Muir Conservation Ethic: Use it wisely - Gifford Pinchot Land Ethic: All living things part of the same community with equal rights - Aldo Leopold

Places for 400 What problems is the Etowah river facing? What are the sources of these problems? Bonus for 100: What does HCP stand for?

1) Pollution coming in through pipes, drains 2) Runoff from surrounding soil HCP – Habitat Conservation Plan

Places for $100 What sewage problems exist between San Diego and Tijuana? What service provided by the ecosystem is being overburdened?

The sewage from Tijuana is flowing into a river that leads to the Pacific ocean at San Diego. The marshes that purify the water moving through are unable to keep up with the amount of impurities.

Places for 200 What conflict does the Mirrar clan of Australia face? Bonus 50: Why could this be considered an issue of environmental justice?

A company wanted to build a uranium mine on the Mirrar clan’s(an aboriginal tribe in Australia) sacred land. The Mirrar protested and prevented it. This is an example of env. Justice because it deals imposing unjust environmental conditions and land use on a people who have little say in the matter.

Places for 300 What happened to the Aral Sea? What impact did this have on families living around it?

The communist government diverted the two rivers which fed the Aral Sea to feed cotton crops, causing most of the Sea to dry up. The sea bed, which had noxious chemicals from the water, was exposed; and instead of a thriving sea to fish from, families in the area now get toxic dust storms.

Vocab for 300 Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation are measures of what? What does it mean? a. ) Central Tendency b. ) Margin of Error c. ) Dispersion d. ) Variability

Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation are measures of Dispersion(c. ) a. ) Central Tendency b. ) Margin of Error c. ) Dispersion – describe where the data falls: between what values, and how far each piece of data is from the middle d. ) Variability

200 Name three factors that largely impact a nation’s ecological footprint

- Population Wealth Technology Energy use Production

Places for 100 What is the Strive Program?

A program designed to help low-income workers get training in green construction jobs. This was used to demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of science: - Sociology - Economics - Technology Are all involved in this program

Extras

300 Application of ethical standards (right and wrong) to environmental questions is known as -Environmental Justice -Environmental Ethics -Environmentalism -Environmental Science Bonus – 100: Define the other terms

Application of ethical standards (right and wrong) to environmental questions is known as -Environmental Justice: sense of fairness/equality -Environmental Ethics* Movement based on a moral

300 Explain the problems with these neo-classical economic assumptions: - Resources are infinitely substitutable - Costs and benefits are internal

- Resources are not perfectly substitutable, and there a finite number of substitutions - Most of the time when a resource is gathered or a product is made, there are costs not paid for by the gatherer/producer (such as: What impact does it have on the place it was taken from? Where does it go when it has become unusable? )

Extra - 200 Name an example of a graph you would use for continuous data. What about non-continuous(categorical)?

Continuous: line graphs Non-continuous: bar graph, pie chart

Extra - 300 What is the difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics?

Descriptive statistics: Describe the data (Central Tendency, Dispersion, etc) Inferential statistics: Use the data to make predictions about a larger population or comparison to other data sets. (such as a national opinion poll)

Extra - 300 Explain the problems with these neo-classical economic assumptions: - Growth is good - Long term impacts should be discounted

- There is a limited amount of resources, growth may also lead to waste - If resources are used up quickly in the short term, they will not be available later

Extra – 500 Name 3 places visited in Earth on Edge, and describe the issues discussed in each one

- Kansas farms: topsoil erosion because of over tilling, fertilizer and pesticide run-off causing dead zone in the Mexico - South Africa: Water shortage caused by thirsty non-native trees. Working for Water program works to cut them down - British Columbia: Clear cutting caused major environmental problems, some companies now using more sustainable methods: flying trees out, only taking a few trees from an area at a time.

Extra – 500 Name the other 2 places visited in Earth on Edge, and describe the issues discussed in each one

- Brazil: Coral reef destruction because of pollution and tourism, mangrove forests threatened by pollution from sugar cane crop runoff, shrimp farming, and building development - Mongolian grasslands: overgrazing due to population’s increasingly sedentary lifestyle, more people herding, and no one telling them to move around.

Extra - 500 What does the p – value have to be to reject the null hypothesis? What does this mean?

P-value (probability that the null hypothesis is correct) must be less than. 05 (5%). The null hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is no change caused by whatever you are testing for. In the fish lab, the null hypothesis would be that environmental factors have no impact on fish growth. If the p-value <. 05, you can say with 95% or more certainty that your results were not due to chance.

Extra – 200 Bill Ensign is studying the impact of hydrologic alteration(such as building dams) on what?

Fish

Extra What is peer review? Why is it necessary to sound science?

Peer review occurs after an experiment has found conclusive evidence. The findings of the experiment are looked at by other scientists to check its validity – making sure that the experiment was done well and that there were no important factors not taken into account.

Extra Name three factors that largely impact a nation’s ecological footprint

- Population Wealth Technology Energy use Production