WELCOME IRO 2017 Facilitator Mr John Mbenzi SCOPE

WELCOME IRO 2017 Facilitator Mr John Mbenzi

SCOPE • Overview of the Content: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Definition of IR Why do we study IR IR theories and how their application in explaining complex IR issues/events State and IR Globalisation North-south and South-South relations International organisations (IOs) Selected IOs mandated to maintain Peace and Security Selected IOs promoting international Trade and Finance • About the Assignments • Hints on Exam • End!

Defining IR • IR is defined in 3 ways: § Diplomatic-strategic relations of states focusing on issues of war and peace, conflict and cooperation § Cross- border transactions of all kinds; political, economic and social § Globalisation: studying issues such as world communication, transport, global business etc. • Which of the 3 is more relevant for IR study?

Why studying IR • Division of different states that need each other, inter-state relations • Understanding that states operate as a system - the global system of states • The meaning and impact of sovereignty on need for IR • Need to examine how states uphold the 5 basic social values (security, freedom, order, justice and welfare)

IR theories and their application • Liberal Internationalism • Regime • Hegemonic stability, and • Marxism theory

State and IR • Defining the concept ‘state’ • Difference between domestic and foreign policy • Three (3) Models foreign policy formulation and analysis • Foreign policy implementation • Power and security

5. GLOBALISATION • Defining globalisation –the spread and intensification of economic, social, and cultural relations across international border • Impact of globalisation on the rich and poor

North-South and South-South relations • NN relations is a socio-economic and political division between the wealthy developed countries ‘the North’ and the poorer developing countries ‘the South’ • Most wealthy nations are located above latitude 30°North (except Australia and NZ) • ‘The South’ represents mostly the previously colonised countries

Concerns about North - South Relations • North-South relations is relationships between the advanced industrialized countries (the North) and the developing countries (the South). • North-South relations became an issue in international politics following decolonisation. Why? • The South form up the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961 • The South presented to UNGA the demand for a New International Economic Order(NIEO) in 1974.

South - South relations • What is South - South relations? – The South-South relations are both economic and political interactions among developing countries – These came about after developing realised that it is unlikely for the ‘the North’ to address their concerns fairly.

7. International Organisations (IOs) • An international organisation is an institution that draws membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement.

Classes of IOs • Two distinct classes of IOs: – The intergovernmental Org. (IGOs) are organizations made up primarily of sovereign states e. g. , the UN, EU, AU – International Nongovernmental Org. (INGOs). can be non-profit organizations e. g. . the IOC, l. CRC, Amnesty International or profit oriented org. /MNC eg Toyota, Coca Cola, Macdonald • Our discussions will focus more on IGOs. Why?

Why state join IOs • Perception that IOs Manage collective activities efficiently • Alternative arena to circumvent political interference in internal affairs (eg IMF and World Bank • Creating community of states • Incentivising states to pool resources • Mechanism to promote development • an avenue for solving legal and political