Welcome INTRODUCTION Lessons Identity Teachers Identity Subject English

Welcome

INTRODUCTION Lesson’s Identity Teacher’s Identity Subject: English 2 nd paper Sufal Biswas Assistant Teacher Class : IX Dasher Bazar High School Time : 45 minutes. Barlekha, Moulvibazar.

In English, as in our mother tongue , we need to report messages , speeches, comments, requests etc. of a persons to other. What is it ? NARRATION/SPEECH Our todays lesson is SPEECH/ NARRATION.

Outcome • By this topics the students will be able to learn • 1/ what is narration ? 2/ change direct to indirect or vice versa. 3/ to make report one to others.

Mrs. Kamal said to me, “I am ill. ” Mrs. Kamal told me that she was ill. What is Narration? Whatever the speaker says that is Speech or Narration.

Kinds of Narration Two 1. Direct 2. Indirect 1/ We may quote his actual works. This is called Direct speech. 2/ We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This is called indirect or reported speech

RULES FOR CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH INTO INDIRECT We have to make five changes for making an indirect speech from a direct speech. He said to me , “ I am fine today. ” He told me that he was fine that day. 1. Reporting Verb 2. Linker 3. Person 4. Tense 5. Adverb/Adverbials( ����� )

Change of Reporting Verb 1. Rana said to me, “ I am a student. ” Assertive Sentence Rana 2. He told me that he was a student said to me, “ Do you know me? ” Interrogative Sentence He asked me if I knew him. 3. He said to me, “ Please give me a pen. ” Imperative Sentence He requested me to give him a pen.

4. Mother said to me, "May you be Optative Sentence happy. ” Mother wished me that I might be happy. Exclamatory Sentence 5. Hesaid, "Hurrah! I have won the match. ” He exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.

Change of Reporting Verb Sentence Changed Reporting Verb 1. Assertive Tell/Tells/Told(If there is object) Ask/asks/asked 2. Interrogative 3. Imperative Ordered/advised/requeste d/forbade/commanded 4. Optative Wished/Prayed 5. Exclamatory Exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder

LINKER SENTENCE LINKER 1. Assertive THAT 2. Interrogative IF/WH WORD 3. Imperative TO 4. Optative THAT 5. Exclamatory THAT

CHANGE OF PERSON WHAT IS PERSON? I PLAY. WE PLAY. YOU PLAY. HE PLAYS. SHE PLAYS. SUBJECT OF VERB IS CALLED PERSON

LET’S SEE A CHART OF PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL FIRST SUB OBJ POSS I ME WE US OURS MY MINE SECOND YOU YOURS YOU THIRD HE/ SHE HIM HIS/ HER HERS YOURS THEY THEM THEIRS

NOW THE QUESTION IS HOW THESE PERSONS ARE CHANGED He said to me, “ I am fine. ” He told me that he was fine. He said to me , “ How are you ? He asked me how I was. He said to me, “ They are playing cricket. ” He told me that they were playing cricket.

Rule First Person=First Place Second Person= Second Place Third Person= No change He Subject/1 st Place said to me Reporting Verb Object/2 nd Place

Change of Tense He says to me, “I went to Dhaka yesterday. ” He tells me that he went to Dhaka yesterday. He said to me, “I went to Dhaka yesterday. ” He told me that he had gone to Dhaka the previous day. If the Reporting Verb is Present or Future Tense, the tense of Reported Speech will not change. On the other hand if the Reporting Verb is Past Tense , the tense of Reported Speech will change.

Direct CHANGE OF TENSES Indirect a. Present indefinite becomes past indefinite b. Present continuous , , past continuous c. Present perfect continuous , , past perfect continuous d. Past indefinite e. Past perfect becomes past perfect f. Past perfect g. Past continuous , , past perfect continuous h. Future (shall /will) , , Future (should/would)

SHORTCUT WAY TO CHANGE THE TENSES DIRECT INDIRECT VERB 1 AM/IS/ARE HAVE/HAS HAVE BEEN/HAS BEEN VERB 2 WAS/WERE HAD BEEN SHALL/WILL VERB 2 WAS/WERE HAD BEEN HAD + VERB 3 HAD BEEN WOULD

Change in time place expressions in past tense Now becomes then Ago , , before Today , , that day Tonight , , that night Tomorrow , , the next day Yesterday , , the previous day Last night , , the previous night day Here , , there Hence , , thence This , , that These , , those Thus , , so Come , , go(not always)

Group work Change the following sentences into indirect speech: (1): Karim said, “I like milk in my tea”. (2) : I said to the man, “Who are you? ” (3) : Father said to me, “Please give me a pen. ” (4): I said to him, “ May you be happy. ” (5) : He said , “ Alas! I could not save you. ”

MATCH YOUR ANSWERS • • • 1. Karim said that he liked milk in his tea. 2. I asked the man who he was. 3. Father requested me to give him a pen. 4. I wished him he might be happy. 5. He exclaimed with sorrow that he could not save me.

Home work 1. She said to me , " I like you very much. " 2. I said to her, " Why do you like me ? " 3. Karim said to her father, " Bring me a car. " 4. John said to me , " Do you know where he is ? " 5. She said, " What a tall boy you are !"