Welcome Back Please pick up a handout from

Welcome Back! Please pick up a handout from the front desk.

Chapter 9 Notes Westward Migration & The Mexican American War

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? M I G R A T I O N

Expansionists �a person who favored territorial growth

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Manifest Destiny - belief that God wanted the U. S. to own all of North America

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Independence of Mexico (1821) – had a weak government and economy after breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted New Mexico, Texas, & California

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? God – some moved to found Indian missions (an establishment to carry on religious work); Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Resources – horses, furs, silver, mules, gold

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Adventure

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) – bound the Indians to the territories away from major westward trails; mostly ignored

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Isolation – Brigham Young led the Mormons west to Utah in 1847 to escape the hostilities the group had faced in Illinois

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Overland Trails – established by merchants and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers to travel West; example: Oregon Trail – began in Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? New Farms – many chose to travel West to gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned

Propaganda One 8½ X 11 White non-lined sheet of paper (you must use the full sheet) � Hand drawn (stick figures and “Photoshopped” pictures are not acceptable) � Colored (by color pencils only – no markers, pens, crayons, water colors, etc) � The BACK of the cartoon should have: � › › � Title of Cartoon Name Date Class period It does not have to be one “big” drawing. It can be a comic strip format with multiple panels if you would like

Tuesday September 29, 2015 �Please pick up the timeline off the front desk. �Pick up a textbook and turn to page 304. Answer questions #4 -6

Texas & the Mexican-American War

� http: //education- portal. com/academy/lesson/the-mexicanamerican-war-treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgothe-wilmot-proviso. html#lesson

Friday October 3, 2014 � Using “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 304 answer questions #4 -6.

Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 305 - 307 Complete the following parts of your timeline: › 1821 – Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into Texas (Describe the tensions) › 1834 – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power in Mexico (What were his actions? How did Americans respond? ) › 1836 (Mar. ) – The Alamo (What happened? How did Americans react? ) › 1836 (Apr. ) – Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto (What happened? Who won? What was Santa Anna forced to do? )

Lone Star Republic � Texas declared independence from Mexico � 1836 -1846 � 1 st President: Sam Houston

Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Americans Debate Expansion” pgs 307 - 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: › 1836(-1845) – Debate rages in Congress › 1844 – Presidential Election Read “The Mexican-American War” (stop at “U. S. Forces Sweep to Victory”) page 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: › 1845 (Dec. ) – Congress votes to annex Texas › 1846 (May) – President Polk provokes the war?

The Mexican-American War (The Highlights) � United States won every major battle � Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont seized control of California � Winfield Scott captured Mexico City � American victory after only 1½ years

Monday October 6, 2014 � Using the orange book on your desk, turn to page 72 -73. › Read answer the questions at the bottom of page 72. › On page 73 - complete at least 3 boxes on your paper on the “steps” that led to the Mexican-American War.

Why the U. S. won the Mexican-American War � U. S. › › › Advantages: larger nation wealthier more populous industry – arms & ammunition larger & better navy and army Skilled officers �Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo � Feb. 1848 � Terms: › Americans – leave Mexico City & pay $15 million › Mexico – gave up New Mexico & California › Rio Grade was set at the southern boundary of Texas

Gadsden Purchase � 1853 � U. S. bought land from Mexico in southern Arizona & New Mexico

Wilmot Proviso � proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot � law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico � broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines › supported by northern Democrats & Whigs › opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs � Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

California Gold Rush � 1848 gold found east of Sacramento, CA � 80, 000 people (known as forty-niners) moved to CA by land trails or by ship � California applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state - threatened to break the free (15) / slave (15) state balance

The Impending Crisis Events Leading Toward Civil War

North & South Read “Slavery Divides the Nation” (page 324325) n As you read, create a chart in your notes describing the differences between the North and South. North (include economic. South differences & views on slavery). • • n • • •

Aftermath of Mexican War n Opinions of war’s aftermath – Wilmot Proviso (Aug 1846) – Northern view - annex Texas as slave state but no extension of slavery into any territory that may be gained from Mexico n Southern View (Calhoun): slaves property; property rights protected by 5 th Amendment; Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves

Other Positions on Slavery’s Future n James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line n “popular sovereignty” – let people in territory decide status of slavery (compromise)

Election of 1848 Zachary Taylor (Whig) – popular sovereignty (but a southern & a slave owner) Lewis Cass (Democrat) – popular sovereignty Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) - N. Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs) endorsed Wilmot Proviso – opposed extension of slavery “free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men”

Impact of Free Soil Party n Won 10 % of the vote & split Democrat & Whig vote in some areas n So…. . Taylor won election (war hero) n Significance: slavery became a political

Check Point n 1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot Proviso? n 2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party regarding the extension of slavery? n 3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party impact the Presidential election results in 1848?

Gold Rush (1848) n Greatest mass migration in Amer. History n California applied for Statehood in 1849 – wanted admission as a free state n Taylor’s opinion: protect slavery where exists, but make CA & NM free

Compromise of 1850 n CA petition touched off great debate in Senate n Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster

Compromise of 1850 1. California admitted as free state 2. Popular Sovereignty in NM and Utah 3. Texas given $ 10 million for loss of property to NM 4. Slave trade in D. C. ended (slavery remains)

Think About It: N & S Reactions n Look at the list of 5 items that made up the Compromise of 1850 n Write N next to items that would have pleased the North n Write S next to items that would have pleased the South

Check Point n 1. What developments led to the necessity of compromise in 1850? n 2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? n 3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the South? Which parts pleased the North?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe Story: Uncle Tom (main character) is sold to cruel owner Simon Legree n 300, 000 copies sold in first year n Significance: first time

Reactions to Uncle Tom’s Cabin - In North: spread compassion for enslaved people n convinced Northerners slavery would ruin nation; won many over to anti-slavery cause n - In South enraged Southerners n wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their own versions of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive n

Check Point n 1. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? n 2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book? n 3. How did Southerners react to the book?