Weightless https store theartofservice comtheweightlesstoolkit html Effect of

• Weightless https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Effect of spaceflight on the human body - The effects of weightlessness 1 Following the advent of space stations that can be inhabited for long periods of time, exposure to weightlessness has been demonstrated to have some deleterious effects on human health. Humans are welladapted to the physical conditions at the surface of the earth, and so in response to weightlessness, various Biological system|physiological systems begin to change, and in some cases, atrophy. Though these changes are usually temporary, some do have a long-term impact on human health. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Effect of spaceflight on the human body - The effects of weightlessness Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a selflimiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Spaceflight - Weightlessness 1 In a microgravity environment such as that provided by a spacecraft in orbit around the Earth, humans experience a sense of weightlessness. Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a self-limiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system. Longterm exposure causes multiple health issues. The most significant is bone loss, some of which is permanent, but microgravity also leads to significant deconditioning of muscular and cardiovascular tissues. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Marconi Union - Weightless On 16 October 2011, Marconi Union created an eight minute track, titled Weightless, in collaboration with the British Academy of Sound Therapy. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Marconi Union - Weightless According to scientists at the Mindlab institution (a commercial 'neuromarketing' company) it induced a 65% reduction in overall anxiety and brought test subjects' resting pulse rates to 35% of their usual resting rates. The song features guitar, piano and manipulated field recordings. It is punctuated throughout by low tones that supposedly induce a trance-like state. This piece propelled the band into the media spotlight and news reports, and was reported in newspapers worldwide. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Marconi Union - Weightless 1 In November 2011, Marconi Union were featured in Time magazine|Time magazine's list of Inventors of the Year, for writing and recording Weightless. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) 1 'Weightless' is a proposed Proprietary protocol|proprietary open standard|open wireless technology standard for exchanging data between a base station and thousands of machines around it using White spaces (radio)|White space (frequency channels intended for TV broadcasting but currently unoccupied) with high levels of security. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) Weightless is managed by the Weightless SIG, or Special Interest Group, which was revealed to the public on 7 December 2012. An inaugural event for industry was held at the Moller Centre in Cambridge, UK by Cambridge Wireless on Friday, 30 September 2011. Representatives – mainly engineers – from many companies from around the world attended. Presentations were given by Neul, Landis+Gyr, Cable Wireless Worldwide|Cable Wireless, and ARM Holdings|ARM. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) The intention is that devices must be qualified by the Weightless Special Interest Group to standards defined by the SIG. Patents would only be licensed to those qualifying devices; thus the protocol, whilst open, may be regarded as proprietary. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Name and logo The name Weightless was chosen to reflect the allegedly light-weight nature of the protocol, meaning that the overhead per transmission is minimised for devices that need to communicate just a few bytes of data. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Name and logo 1 The Weightless logo is trademarked and appears as uppercase letters with the 'W' appearing in the top-right corner of a light blue box that has a solid blue line above it. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Name and logo 1 One of the presenters at the inaugural SIG event in September 2011 stated jokingly, in reference to cellular communication standards, Weightless is not 1 G, 2 G, 3 G or even 4 G – it is ZERO G. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Implementation Weightless uses Time-division duplex operation with frequency hopping and variable spreading factors in an attempt to increase range and accommodate low power devices in frequency bands, or channels, within the terrestrial television broadcast band. Channels that are in use by a nearby television transmitter are identified and left unaffected while channels not being used for broadcasting television can be allocated for use by Weightless devices. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Implementation 1 A network of base stations communicate with the Internet, or a private network, in order to pass information from devices to a computer system; and to pass information back to the devices. The downlink to devices uses time slots (TDMA) and the uplink to the base station is divided into sub-channels so that several devices can communicate to the base station. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Communication and connection A base station transmits a Weightless frame which is received by a few thousand devices. The devices are allocated a specific time and frequency to transmit their data back to the base station. The base station is connected to the Internet or a private network. The base station accesses a database to identify the frequencies, or channels, that it can use without interfering with terrestrial television broadcasts in its local area. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Uses 1 Weightless is a wireless communications protocol designed to connect Smart Machines to the Internet – so-called Machine to machine|Machine-to-Machine (M 2 M) communications – over distances ranging from a few metres to about 10 km. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - List of applications * Smart cars – vehicle diagnostics and upgrades 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - List of applications 1 * Industrial machine monitoring https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Weightless vs. Wi-Fi (IEEE 802. 11 af) Other technologies which use the white space – the channels not used for terrestrial television broadcast in a particular area – are also being developed. One is Wi-Fi under the developing standard IEEE 802. 11 af. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Weightless vs. Cognitive Radio (IEEE 802. 22) 1 The IEEE 802. 22 standard defines a MAC and PHY layer for TV White. Spaces that complies with the FCC and international standards for broadcasting in this spectrum. It also defines general protocol model for negotiating and selecting shared spectrum band for device operation. A Weightless Radio implementation would comply with this standard to cooperatively share the available TV White. Space spectrum. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Devices 1 Currently the majority of the devices that are envisionsed to use the Weightless standard are mainly of industrial and medical type, such as smart electric meters, health monitors, vehicle tracking, etc. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Specifications and features The Weightless specification was developed as a proprietary machine-tomachine, allegedly low-cost, low-power communication system for use in the White spaces (radio)|white space between TV channels in 2011 by engineers working at Neul in Cambridge, UK. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Specifications and features The specification is based on Timedivision duplex technology with Spread spectrum frequency hopping in an attempt to minimise the impact of interference and with variable spreading factors in an attempt to increase range (at the expense of lower data rate) and to accommodate low power devices with low data rates. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Weightless v 1. 0 1 A formal standard was published in 2013, however it was not made freely available to general public -- it was only available to the members of Weightless SIG who paid membership fees. A brief and incomplete overview of the standard may be available without a charge to the so-called observer members of SIG. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Setting up connections 1 A base station queries a database which identifies the channels that are being used for terrestrial television broadcast in its local area. The channels not in use – the so-called White spaces (radio)|white space – can be used by the base station to communicate with terminals using the Weightless protocol. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Setting up connections 1 Terminals will be allegedly designed to be low cost fit and forget devices – meaning that they are expected to use minimal power so that they could work autonomously for long periods close to the typical shelf-life of a battery (probably several years). https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Security Concerns It is proposed that the entire data transmission is encoded. It is claimed that the protocol was designed to be secure and guarantee message delivery. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Air interface 1 A database is queried by a base station to determine which channels are in use by terrestrial television broadcast stations in the area, and which ones are free for use by white space devices (such as those utilising Weightless) https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (wireless communications) - Security 1 The communications link between the base station and the devices is encrypted. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Wet Wet song) 1 'Weightless' is a pop music|pop song by Scottish group Wet Wet https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Wet Wet song) - Track listings 1 # Exclusive video footage https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) 1 Secondhand Serenade's third studio album is entitled Hear Me Now (Secondhand Serenade album)|Hear Me Now, and was released on August 3, 2010. Thanks to Chris Lipa And His local band from Michigan for the additions to the album, The album's track listing has also been announced. [http: //puregrainaudio. com/news/secondha nd-serenade-returns-with-hear-me-now-due-outaugust-3 rd Upcoming album details] from Pure. Grain. Audio. com In a recent interview, Vesely stated that the new record will be more upbeat than his last album, which focused on relationships. http: //www. billboard. com/articles/columns /daily-noise/959710/secondhand-serenade-kellyclarkson-talk-new-material https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) 1 On June 1, Something More was released onto i. Tunes as a deluxe single with a bonus track You Are a Drug, a video showing the making of Something More, and a digital booklet to the new single. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) 1 The vocals of Juliet Simms from American rock band Automatic Loveletter were featured on the song Hear Me Now and the cover of Fix You, originally performed by British rock band Coldplay. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) 1 On July 21, while on tour in Dallas, Vesely announced that a downloadable track pack for Rock Band would be made available soon, featuring multiple Secondhand Serenade hits including Fall for You. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) On July 27, Vesely added the eleven tracks off of the new album to his My. Space and made them available for streaming for fans. Many of these songs have also leaked onto sites such as You. Tube. On November 23, 2010, Vesely released a free online download for a demo of a new song of the new Extended play|EP entitled Let Me In. The next single of the new album is a new version of You I featuring Cady Groves. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Secondhand Serenade - Hear Me Now and Weightless EP (2010– 2011) 1 In March 2011, Vesely announced he was mastering the new EP and that it would be entitled Weightless EP|Weightless was released digitally on May 3, 2011 and consists of five songs: Our Time, Let Me In, Animal (Neon Trees Cover), You I (Acoustic), and Never Too Late. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (All Time Low song) 1 'Weightless' is a song by American pop punk band All Time Low and the first and lead single from their third studio album Nothing Personal (album)|Nothing Personal (2009) https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (All Time Low song) - Meaning 1 Lead vocalist Alex Gaskarth stated in an interview with MTVu that The whole mentality of the song is like, you feel like you're stuck in this like, negative space and you just want to get out. Summer's rolling up and uh, everybody's finishing up with school and everybody's getting like the exam beatdown. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (All Time Low song) - Meaning 1 In the Nothing Personal album trailer, Jack Barakat said that the song is about not wanting to grow up and just wanting to be a kid. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (All Time Low song) - Music video The music video for Weightless commenced filming on May 20, directed by Matthew Stawski. Fans were invited to go on the set and be a part of the music video. It debuted on MTV, MTV 2, mtv. U and HITS the day before the album's release, on July 6, 2009. The video features cameo appearances by Pete Wentz from Fall Out Boy and Mark Hoppus from Blink-182 with a joke that Pete Wentz tweets 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (All Time Low song) - Music video 1 (on mobile Twitter) that All Time Low rips off Fall Out Boy, but Mark Hoppus thinks to himself that both All Time Low and Fall Out Boy rip off Blink-182. The camera follows the action through the venue, with text that is insulting everyone, stating Loser!. The video ends with the slogan Nothing Personal, which is not only a reference to the album, but is also theme of the video. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless 1 *Weightless (wireless communications), proposed proprietary open wireless technology standard https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless - Music *Weightless (Animals as Leaders album)|Weightless (Animals as Leaders album), second album by instrumental progressive metal group Animals as Leaders 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless - Music *Weightless (The Skinny Boys album)|Weightless (The Skinny Boys album), debut album by rap group The Skinny Boys 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless - Music *Weightless (All Time Low song)|Weightless (All Time Low song), song by American pop punk band All Time Low 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless - Music 1 *Marconi Union|Weightless (Marconi Union song), the. . . most relaxing song ever. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless - Music 1 *Weightless, song by alternative rock band Black Lab from their album Passion Leaves a Trace https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) 'Weightless' is the second album by instrumental progressive metal group Animals as Leaders. It was released on November 4, 2011 in Europe, November 7, 2011 in the UK, and November 8, 2011 in the US by Prosthetic Records. The album charted at #92 on Billboard 200|Billboard’s Top 200 Chart, as well as #7 on Billboard (magazine)|Billboard’s Top Hard Music Chart, #16 on their Top 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) Unlike the Animals as Leaders (album)|previous Animals as Leaders album, Weightless features a trio line-up instead of just consisting of Tosin Abasi along with featuring real drums in addition to programmed drums. Both guitarists in the group (Abasi and Javier Reyes) play 8 stringed guitars on this release. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) - Personnel 1 * Tosin Abasi – eight-string guitar https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) - Personnel 1 * Navene Koperweis – drums https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) - Personnel 1 * Navene Koperweis - audio engineering|engineering https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) - Personnel 1 * Javier Reyes - Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (Animals as Leaders album) - Personnel 1 * Dustin Miller - Audio mastering|mastering https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightless (The Skinny Boys album) 'Weightless' is the debut album by rap group The Skinny Boys. It was released in 1986 for Warlock Records and was produced by Mark Bush and Chuck Chillout. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness 1 Counterintuitively, a uniform gravitational field does not by itself cause stress or strain, and a body in free fall in such an environment experiences no g-force acceleration and feels weightless https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness When bodies are acted upon by nongravitational forces, as in a centrifuge, a rotating space station, or within a space ship with rockets firing, a sensation of weight is produced, as the contact forces from the moving structure act to overcome the body's inertia. In such cases, a sensation of weight, in the sense of a state of stress can occur, even if the gravitational field was zero. In such cases, g-forces are felt, and bodies are not weightless. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness 1 When the gravitational field is non-uniform, a body in free fall suffers tidal effects and is not stress-free. Near a black hole, such tidal effects can be very strong. In the case of the Earth, the effects are minor, especially on objects of relatively small dimension (such as the human body or a spacecraft) and the overall sensation of weightlessness in these cases is preserved. This condition is known as microgravity and it prevails in orbiting spacecraft. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in Newtonian mechanics Weightlessness in this sense can be achieved by removing the body far away from the source of gravity 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in Newtonian mechanics 1 This is the weightlessness in free fall in a uniform gravitational field https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in Newtonian mechanics 1 To sum up, we have two notions of weight of which weight 1 is dominant. Yet 'weightlessness' is typically exemplified not by absence of weight 1 but by the absence of stress associated with weight 2. This is the intended sense of weightlessness in what follows below. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in Newtonian mechanics 1 A body is stress free, exerts zero weight 2, when the only force acting on it is weight 1 as when in free fall in a uniform gravitational field. Without subscripts, one ends up with the odd-sounding conclusion that 'a body is weightless when the only force acting on it is its weight. ' https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in Newtonian mechanics 1 The apocryphal apple that fell on Newton's head can be used to illustrate the issues involved https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Stress during free fall 1 : 1. In a uniform gravitational field: Consider any cross-section dividing the body into two parts. Both parts have the same acceleration and the force exerted on each is supplied by the external source of the field. There is no force exerted by one part on the other. Stress at the cross-section is zero. Weight 2 is zero. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Stress during free fall : 2. In a non-uniform gravitational field: Under gravity alone, one part of the body may have a different acceleration from another part. This would tend to deform the body and generate internal stresses if the body resists deformation. Weight 2 is not 0. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Stress during free fall 1 Throughout this discussion on using stress as an indicator of weight, any pre-stress which may exist within a body caused by a force exerted on one part by another is not relevant. The only relevant stresses are those generated by external forces applied to the body. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Stress during free fall An object in a straight free fall, or in a more complex inertial trajectory of free fall (such as within a reduced gravity aircraft or inside a space station), all experience weightlessness, since they do not experience the mechanical forces that cause the sensation of weight. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Force fields other than gravity Such a body would then be stress free and be classed as weightless 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness and proper acceleration On this approach, weightlessness holds when proper acceleration is zero. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness 1 Weightlessness is in contrast with current human experiences in which a nonuniform force is acting, such as: https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness 1 *standing on the ground, sitting in a chair on the ground, etc. , where gravity is countered by the support force of the ground, https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness 1 *flying in a plane, where a support force is transmitted from the Lift (force)|lift the wings provide (special trajectory|trajectories which form an exception are described below), https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness 1 *during atmospheric reentry, or during the use of a parachute, when atmospheric drag decelerates a vehicle, https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness *during an orbital maneuver in a spacecraft, or during the launch phase, when rocket engines provide thrust. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - How to avoid weightlessness 1 In cases where an object is not weightless, as in the above examples, a force acts non -uniformly on the object in question https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Tidal forces 1 Tidal forces arise when the gravitational field is not uniform and gravitation gradients exist. Such indeed is the norm and strictly speaking any object of finite size even in free-fall is subject to tidal effects. These are impossible to remove by inertial motion, except at one single nominated point of the body. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Tidal forces 1 The Earth is in free fall but the presence of tides indicates that it is in a non-uniform gravitational field https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Tidal forces 1 When the size of a region being considered is small relative to its distance from the gravitating mass the assumption of uniform gravitational field holds to a good approximation. Thus a person is small relative to the radius of Earth and the field for a person at the surface of the earth is approximately uniform. The field is strictly not uniform and is responsible for the phenomenon of microgravity. Objects near a black hole are subject to a highly non-uniform gravitational field. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Frames of reference 1 Weightlessness can thus be realised for short periods of time in an airplane following a specific elliptic flight path, often mistakenly called a parabolic flight https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Zero-g, zero gravity, accelerometers Microgravity (or µg) is used to refer to situations that are substantially weightless but where g-force stresses within objects due to tidal effects, as discussed above, are around a millionth of that at the Earth's surface. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Zero-g, zero gravity, accelerometers 1 An accelerometer using a single weight or vibrating element and not measuring gradients across distances inside the accelerometer (which could be used to detect microgravity or tidal forces), cannot tell the difference between free fall in a gravity field, and weightlessness due to being far from masses and sources of gravitation https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Sensation of weight Because of the distribution of mass throughout a person's body, the magnitude of the reaction force varies between a person's feet and head 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - A common misconception 1 A common conception about spacecraft orbiting the earth is that they are operating in a gravity free environment. Although there is a way of making sense of this within the physics of Einstein's general relativity, within Newtonian physics, this is technically inaccurate. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - A common misconception In Newtonian physics, the sensation of weightlessness experienced by astronauts is not the result of there being zero gravitational acceleration (as seen from the Earth), but of there being no g-force that an astronaut can feel because of the free-fall condition, and also there being zero difference between the acceleration of the spacecraft and the acceleration of the astronaut 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - A common misconception A geostationary satellite is of special interest in this context. Unlike other objects in the sky which rise and set, an object in a geostationary orbit appears motionless in the sky, apparently defying gravity. In fact, it is in a circular equatorial orbit with a period of one day. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Relativity To a modern physicist working with Einstein's general theory of relativity, the situation is even more complicated than is suggested above 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Relativity 1 In theory of general relativity, the only gravity which remains for the observer following a falling path or inertial path near a gravitating body, is that which is due to non-uniformities which remain in the gravitational field, even for the falling observer https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Microgravity 1 The term 'micro-g environment' (also 'µg', often referred to by the term 'microgravity') is more or less a synonym of weightlessness and zero-G, but indicates that g-forces are not quite zero, just very small. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Reduced weight in aircraft 1 Airplanes have been used since 1959 to provide a nearly weightless environment in which to train astronauts, conduct research, and film motion pictures. Such aircraft are commonly referred by the nickname Vomit Comet. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Reduced weight in aircraft 1 During this period, the plane's occupants experience about 25 seconds of weightlessness, before experiencing about 25 seconds of 2 g acceleration (twice their normal weight) during the pull-out from the parabola https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - NASA's Reduced Gravity Aircraft Versions of such airplanes have been operated by NASA's Reduced Gravity Research Program since 1973, where the unofficial nickname originated. [http: //jscaircraftops. jsc. nasa. gov/Reduced_Gravity/index. h tml Reduced Gravity Research Program] NASA later adopted the official nickname 'Weightless Wonder' for publication. [http: //www. nasaexplores. com/ 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - NASA's Reduced Gravity Aircraft 1 NASA's Microgravity University - Reduced Gravity Flight Opportunities Plan, also known as the Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program, allows teams of undergraduates to submit a microgravity experiment proposal. If selected, the teams design and implement their experiment, and students are invited to fly on NASA's Vomit Comet. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - European Space Agency A 300 Zero-G 1 ESA flies campaigns of three flights on consecutive days, each flying about 30 parabolas, for a total of about 10 minutes of weightlessness per flight https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - European Space Agency A 300 Zero-G 1 Other aircraft it has used include the Russian Ilyushin Il-76 MDK and French Sud Aviation Caravelle|Caravelle. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Others 1 The Zero Gravity Corporation, founded in 1993 by Peter Diamandis, Byron Lichtenberg, and Ray Cronise, operates a modified Boeing 727 which flies parabolic arcs to create 25– 30 seconds of weightlessness. Flights may be purchased for both tourism and research purposes. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities Ground-based facilities that produce weightless conditions for research purposes are typically referred to as drop tubes or drop towers. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities 1 NASA's Zero Gravity Research Facility, located at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, is a 145 -meter vertical shaft, largely below the ground, with an integral vacuum drop chamber, in which an experiment vehicle can have a free fall for a duration of 5. 18 seconds, falling a distance of 132 meters. The experiment vehicle is stopped in approximately 4. 5 meters of Pelletizing|pellets of expanded https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities Also at NASA Glenn is the 2. 2 Second Drop Tower, which has a drop distance of 24. 1 meters. Experiments are dropped in a drag shield, in order to reduce the effects of air drag. The entire package is stopped in a 3. 3 meter tall air bag, at a peak deceleration rate of approximately. While the Zero Gravity Facility conducts one or two drops per day, the 2. 2 Second Drop Tower can conduct up to twelve drops per 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center hosts another drop tube facility that is 105 meters tall and provides a 4. 6 second free fall under near-vacuum conditions. [http: //science. nasa. gov/ssl/msa d/dtf/tube. htm Marshall Space Flight Center Drop Tube Facility] 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities 1 Humans cannot utilize these gravity shafts, as the deceleration experienced by the drop chamber would likely kill or seriously injure anyone using them; is about the highest deceleration that a fit and healthy human can withstand momentarily without sustaining injury. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities 1 Other drop facilities worldwide include: https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities 1 * Experimental drop tube of the metallurgy department of Grenoble – 3. 1 s free fall https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities 1 * Fallturm Bremen University of Bremen in Bremen (city)|Bremen – 4. 74 s free fall https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Ground-based drop facilities * Queensland University of Technology Drop Tower - 2. 0 s free fall 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Neutral buoyancy 1 Weightlessness can also be simulated by creating the condition of neutral buoyancy, in which human subjects and equipment are placed in a water environment and weighted or buoyed until they hover in place https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Neutral buoyancy 1 Neutral buoyancy is not identical to weightlessness https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spacecraft 1 Weightlessness does not occur when a spacecraft is firing its engines or when reentering the atmosphere, even if the resultant acceleration is constant https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spacecraft 1 Weightlessness in an orbiting spacecraft is physically identical to free-fall, with the difference that gravitational acceleration causes a net change in the direction, rather than the magnitude, of the spacecraft's velocity. This is because the acceleration Vector (geometric)|vector is perpendicular to the velocity vector. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness in a spacecraft In typical free-fall, the acceleration of gravity acts along the direction of an object's velocity, linearly increasing its speed as it falls toward the Earth, or slowing it down if it is moving away from the Earth 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Weightlessness at the center of a planet The net gravitational force due to a spherically symmetrical planet is zero at the center. This is clear because of symmetry, and also from Newton's shell theorem which states that the net gravitational force due to a spherically symmetric shell, e. g. , a hollow ball, is zero anywhere inside the hollow space. Thus the material at the center is weightless. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Human health effects 1 Following the advent of space stations that can be inhabited for long periods, exposure to weightlessness has been demonstrated to have some deleterious effects on human health. Humans are welladapted to the physical conditions at the surface of the Earth. In response to an extended period of weightlessness, various physiological systems begin to change and atrophy. Though these https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Human health effects 1 The most common problem experienced by humans in the initial hours of weightlessness is known as space adaptation syndrome or SAS, commonly referred to as space sickness https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Human health effects Astronauts subject to long periods of weightlessness wear pants with elastic bands attached between waistband cuffs to compress the leg bones and reduce osteopenia. [http: //www. spacefuture. com/h abitat/healthfitness. shtml Health Fitness], Space Future Other significant effects include fluid redistribution (causing the moon-face appearance typical of pictures 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Human health effects In addition, after long space flight missions, astronauts may experience severe visual system|eyesight problems. [http: //www. cnn. com/video/#/vid eo/us/2012/02/09/pkg-zarrella-astronautvision. cnn. CNN News (CNN-TV, 02/09/2012) - Video (02: 14) - Male Astronauts Return With Eye Problems] Such eyesight problems may be a major concern for future deep space flight 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Human health effects On December 31, 2012, a NASAsupported study reported that manned spaceflight may harm the brains of astronauts and accelerate the onset of Alzheimer's disease. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Effects on non-human organisms Russian scientists have observed differences between cockroaches conceived in space and their terrestrial counterparts. The space-conceived cockroaches grew more quickly, and also grew up to be faster and tougher. 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Effects on non-human organisms 1 Chicken eggs that are put in microgravity two days after fertilization appear not to develop properly, whereas eggs put in microgravity more than a week after fertilization develop normally. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Effects on non-human organisms 1 A 2006 Space Shuttle experiment found that Salmonella typhimurium, a bacterium that can cause food poisoning, became more virulent when cultivated in space. https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

Weightlessness - Technical adaptation in zero-gravity Weightlessness can cause serious problems on technical instruments, especially those consisting of many mobile parts 1 https: //store. theartofservice. com/the-weightless-toolkit. html

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