Week one Lesson one Closing the development gap

Week one Lesson one Closing the development gap

1 Date: 02/01/2022 Title: Closing the development gap 2 Look, cover, write, check What can you see? What can you remember? Write down the following three spellings. Look at them, cover them, write them, check them. Describe what you can see in the image Name an effect of Typhoon Haiyan? 1. Development 2. Investment 3. Aid

Learning objectives: In today’s lesson you will be able to. . To be able to evaluate the best way in which to close the development gap. To be able to explain the different ways in which the development gap could be closed. To be able to describe the different ways in which the development gap could be closed.

I D E A Identify – What can you see in the image? ___________________________________________________ ____ Describe – What do you think has caused this change? ___________________________________________________ __________________________ Explain – Do you think this change is positive or negative? Why? ___________________________________________________ __________________________ Analyse – What problems could this change create in the future? ___________________________________________________ __________________________

What exam question am I answering today? Discuss whether trade or aid is the best way for countries to develop (9 marks) Why am I doing this? • AQA expects geography students to be able to develop arguments in their writing. • Development gap is one of the biggest sections in paper 2 and has lots of scope for different arguments.

How can we close the development gap? Complete the fortune teller grid by carrying out the activity for your target level. You must include 3 of the following terms in your answer and underline where you have used them: • • • HIC LIC NEE Development Aid Trade Economy Finance Relief

What is Fair Trade? Watch the following video carefully and have a go at answering the questions on your sheet: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Our decisions on what to buy are based on which three things? What do Fair Trade products improve? What are Fair Trade coffee farmers members of? What is an advantage of this system? What is the “Fair Trade minimum price”? How might Fair Trade farmers used their premium? How does the environment benefit from Fair Trade? What are the “Fair Trade” standards? Who checks these standards are being met? What other Fair Trade products are available? How many countries sell Fair Trade products?

The answers! 1. Our decisions on what to buy are based on which three things? Taste, quality and price 2. What do Fair Trade products improve? The working and living conditions of families in developing countries. 3. What are Fair Trade coffee farmers members of? A cooperative 4. What is an advantage of this system? The farmers know the true value of their product, which makes it easier for them to negotiate prices. They have access to credit (money) and are able to learn through each other by sharing information. 5. What is the “Fair Trade minimum price”? The minimum farmers are paid when selling their products through Fair Trade 6. How might Fair Trade farmers used their premium? Build wells and hospitals, buy better farming equipment, or invest in switching to organic farming 7. How does the environment benefit from Fair Trade? Preserving natural habitats and the climate, water is used sparingly 8. What are the “Fair Trade” standards? Who checks these standards are being met? Are the requirements that producers and the businesses who buy their good have to follow. Flo-cert checks and monitors them. 9. What other Fair Trade products are available? Bananas, ice-cream, rice, sugar, honey, dried fruit and nuts, cotton, flowers etc. 10. How many countries sell Fair Trade products? 120 countries

Great knowledge AO 1 Complete you thinking quilt by deciding whether each statement is an advantage or disadvantage of Fair Trade:

Great knowledge AO 1 Excellent Explanations AO 2 Discuss whether trade or aid is the best way for countries to develop (9 marks) Think: • What key words do you think you need to use in the answer • What A 0 marks are you answering? • What sentence starters could you use? What structure are you using? A 01: I think that trade/aid is the best way for countries to develop. A 02: This is because… This leads to… A 03: Therefore… Outstanding application AO 3 Evaluate the importance of Fair Trade for a country (9 marks) Think: • What key words do you think you need to use in the answer • What A 0 marks are you answering? • What sentence starters could you use? What structure are you using? A 01: I agree/disagree that Fair Trade is/is not important for a country. A 02: This is because… This leads to… A 03: Therefore…

Discuss whether trade or aid is the best way for poorer countries to develop? (9 marks) B L T

BUG your question (Box Underline, Glance back at the question) Evaluate the importance of fair trade for a country (9 marks) Think: • What key words do you think you need to use in the answer • What A 0 marks are you answering? • What sentence starters could you use? What structure are you using? Great knowledge AO 1 Excellent Explanations AO 2 Outstanding application AO 3

BUG your question (Box Underline, Glance back at the question) Evaluate the importance of fair trade for a country (9 marks) Evaluate: to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something. 9 marks = 3 BLT structured paragraphs. Remember you need to present a balanced argument and reach a conclusion. In other words DO YOU THINK fair trade is important or not? Remember you need to present BOTH side of the argument in your answer and reach a conclusion. Great knowledge AO 1 Excellent Explanations AO 2 Outstanding application AO 3

BUG your question (Box Underline, Glance back at the question) Evaluate the importance of fair trade for a country (9 marks) A 01: I agree/disagree that Fair Trade is/is not important for a country. A 02: This is because… This leads to… A 03: Therefore… Great knowledge AO 1 Excellent Explanations AO 2 Outstanding application AO 3

What can you remember: 1. Define what is meant by the term “fair trade”? 2. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of fair trade. 3. What is meant by the term “trade”? 4. What is meant by the term “debt relief”

Week one Lesson two Measuring development - DTM

1 Date: 02/01/2022 Title: Measuring development 2 Look, cover, write, check What can you see? What can you remember? Write down the following three spellings. Look at them, cover them, write them, check them. Describe what you can see in the image What is trade? 1. Literacy rate 2. Human development 3. Infant mortality

I D E A Identify – What can you see in the image? ___________________________________________________ ____ Describe – What do you think has caused this change? ___________________________________________________ __________________________ Explain – Do you think this change is positive or negative? Why? ___________________________________________________ __________________________ Analyse – What problems could this change create in the future? ___________________________________________________ __________________________

How does population change as a country develops? Births and deaths per 1000 people per year. Birth rate Death rate Total population Time

How does population change as a country develops? Use the information to complete the table about the features of the population at different stages of the DTM. Stage Description Links to development Present- day country example 1. High Fluctuating Birth and death rates are both high and fluctuating. High birth rate due to high infant mortality rate. No countries are in Stage 1, though some small tribal groups have high birth and death rates. Pyramid shape

Stage Description Links to development Present- day country example Pyramid shape

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the DTM? A. It is dynamic, showing change through time. B. The model assumes that stage 3 follows several decades after stage 2 and that death rate fell as a consequence of changes brought about by changes in the birth rate. C. The original model needed to be adapted to include the fifth stage, for countries in Western Europe or Japan. It however can now be seen in other countries of eatern or central Europe where death rate has risen. D. Some newly industrialised countries such as Singapore and South Korea also appeared to go through similar stages, but faster than countries like Britain had. I The model helps to explain what has happened and why it has happened in that particular sequence. E. It describes what has happened in the UK. F. Countries of southern Africa (and other areas may follow) have seen a dramatic rise in death rate as a result of HIV/Aids, the model does not help predict what will happen to them. G. It assumes that stage 4 follows several decades after stage 3 and that birth rate fell as a consequence of changes in death rate. This is not always the case, birth rate may be more effected by culture and access to birth control (or speeded up by government policy). use these key terms: ü Birth rate ü Death rate ü Natural increase ü Industrialisation ü BRIC countries ü Secondary industry Exam question H. Many other countries in Europe and North America went through similar stages as they industrialised. J It is based on the experience of industrialised countries and so is not relevant to non-industrialising countries. Colour code the statements to show the advantages and disadvantages of the DTM. answer the following question: Evaluate the reliability of the DTM in showing the social and economic development of countries.

What can you remember: 1. Define what is meant by the term “fair trade”? 2. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of fair trade. 3. What is meant by the term “trade”? 4. What is meant by the term “debt relief”

Week one Lesson three What is development?

1 Date: 02/01/2022 Title: What is development? 2 Look, cover, write, check What can you see? What can you remember? Write down the following three spellings. Look at them, cover them, write them, check them. Describe what you can see in the image Describe stage 4 of the DTM 1. 2. 3. Development Primary Secondary

What can you see in these images? In your prepared answer you need to: ü What are we going to be looking at during this lesson and this topic? ü Why do you think some countries are rich and some are poor? ü What factors do you think influence how developed a country is?

Why are some countries poor and some countries rich? Watch the follow clip Answer the questions on your sheet. 1. How many countries globally are very rich? How much wealth do they have person? 2. How long will it take Zimbabwe to become a “rich country” 3. What are three factors that determine whether a country will be rich or poor? 4. What is the link between corruption and countries wealth? 5. Why is belief considered bad for a countries wealth? 6. Where are poor countries mostly location? How does this impact on a country's wealth?

Task 1: ü What does “quality of life” mean to you? ü What do you think makes a good quality of life? ü What do you think makes a bad quality of life? ü List as many factors as you can that will affect a persons quality of life. Include as many of these key terms as you can: • Income • Healthcare • Standard of living • Wealth • Development • Environment Task 2: 1. What would the quality of life in a HIC be like? 2. What would the quality of life in an LIC be like? 3. How can people’s quality of life be improved? 4. Which factor has the greatest impact of quality of life?

Economic üIncome üJob security üStandard of living (housing, personal mobility) üFamily/friends üEducation üHealth üHappiness üSecurity üFreedom Social Psychological üDiet/nutrition Physical üWater supply üClimate üEnvironmental quality/hazards

How can we measure development? GNI – Gross National Income A country’s level of development is shown firstly by the average wealth of its citizens. One way of finding this out is to use a measurement called gross national income (GNI). This is calculated by adding together: ü The total value of all the goods and services produced by its population ü The income earned from the investments that is people and businesses have made overseas. To compare the level of economic development for different countries, the GNI is: 1. Divided by the population of the country to produce a per capita (per person) figure. 2. This is then converted into US dollars the comparison clearer. 3. Finally, each figure can be adjusted for each country based on its income. In LICs, goods often cost less, meaning that wages go further than might be expected in a HIC. Countries are classified into three main categories based on GNI; lower income countries (LICs), higher income countries (HICs) and newly emerging economies (NEEs).

Measuring development using GNI Describe the meaning of Gross National Income (GNI) (4 marks) 1. Paragraph structure: • A definition of what Gross National Income is. • An detailed description of how Gross National Income is calculated. • Description of how the Gross National Income is adjusted depending on a countries income. Key Word Box: Wealth – Development - Standard of living Per capita – HIC – LIC -NEE What are the benefits of using GNI as a method of measuring development? 2. What are the limitation of using GNI as a method of measuring development? 3. Suggest ways in which it could be improved based on your limitations.

The world can also be divided by using The Brandt Line is an imaginary division that has provided a rough way of dividing all of the countries in the world in to the rich north and poor south. Many countries in the poor south have become more developed since the 1980 s and so many people now think that the Brandt line is no longer useful.

However… there are some limitations to using this measure The GNI per capita of some EU members, including Hungary and Bulgaria is lower than that of Brazil and Malaysia. Task: Stick your map into your books and add on the annotations. It will help you later on in the lesson! Large numbers of millionaires and billionaires can be found in every populated continent, including Africa. China is now the world’s largest economy Several of the world’s highest income countries lie south of the Brandt line such as Qatar, Kuwait and Singapore. South Africa should be in the north according to its GNI.

Measuring development using GNI Describe how the Brandt Line is used to measure global development (4 marks) 1. What are the benefits of using the Brandt Line? 2. What are the limitation of using the Brandt Line? 3. Suggest ways in which it could be improved based on your limitations.

Key term quiz! 1. What does GNI stand for? 2. What is NEE? 3. What is a LIC? 4. What is a HIC? 5. What is the Brandt Line?