Week 6 Qualitative Approaches Briana Hinga EDUC 532

Week 6: Qualitative Approaches Briana Hinga EDUC 532 1

Agenda • • • Activity: QUANT Article Analysis Review QUAL vs. QUAN Activity: QUAL Characteristics Activity: Article Analysis Common Approaches 2

Learning Objectives • Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative approaches. • Articulate the characteristics of qualitative research. • Evaluate the “validity” and “reliability” of qualitative and quantitative studies. 3

Qualitative v. Quantitative 4

Review • What is the difference between inductive and deductive inquiry? – Which aligns with qualitative inquiry? – Which aligns with quantitative inquiry? • Provide an example of each. 5

Adapted from Creswell, 2014 p. 5 Positionality Epistemology and Ontology Decolonial

Qualitative Research Questions Type Description Descriptive What is happening? What is? Comparative How do two groups differ? Correlational Is there a relationship? Causal Is there a causal effect? Meaning What does it mean? How is meaning constructed? How does it work? And why? Process 7

Characteristics of Qualitative Inquiry 8

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE Purpose To study cause and effect & relationships – descriptive & inferential To understand social phenomena – meaning, context and process Design Is developed prior to the study Can evolve during the study Approach Is deductive, tests theory Tools/ Methods Uses face-to-face interactions Uses standardized instruments or artifacts left behind (documents etc. ) Sample Uses large, ideally random samples Uses small, often purposeful samples Analysis Statistical analysis of numerical data Thematic coding and interpretation of narrative data 9 Is inductive, generates theory

Quantitative Qualitative Epistemology/ Worldview Single, objective reality Multiple realities Context is… Less important Very important Researcher “bias” Objectivity “Disciplined subjectivity” UNIT 9| 10 Photo Source: fanpop. com

Activity: QUAL Characteristics 1. Identify how the Duncan-Andrade article is a qualitative study using Creswell’s list of characteristics (pp. 185 -6). Note evidence and page numbers on the next slide. 11

Qual Characteristics in Duncan. Andrade Natural Setting Researcher as key instrument Multiple sources of data Inductive & deductive data analysis Participant meaning making Emergent design Reflexivity Holistic 12

“Validity” and “Reliability” in Qualitative Research 13

To assess the usefulness of a study: 1. Name the finding. 2. Assess Methodology. QUAL QUANT - Internal Validity External Validity Internal Reliability External Reliability For Correlational and Causal Studies, assess: – Significance of findings (e. g. , *p <. 05) – Research design internal validity - Credibility Transferability Dependability Confirmability 3. Place worldview/assumptions of the study in conversation with your worldview consider 14 applications

Activity: Article Analysis 15

Common Qual Approaches 16

Approach Main Focus Example Case Study A bounded system Can use any method How does a charter school involve parents? Ethnography Culture (holistic) Thick (description) How are transfer students incorporated into X University? Phenomenology Lived experience (essence of being) What is it like being a first gen. college student at Y College? Grounded Theory development Constant comparative Method Why do nurses give better care to some patients and not others? Narrative Analysis Stories as data Beginning, middle and end How do teenagers construct Facebook identities? Counter. Narrative Stories as data, centering voices that are not part of the “dominant” narrative How do students of color at a PWI navigate campus climate? Critical Participatory Action Research Those facing the problem are collective experts to name the problem, study the problem, and pose solutions. How do public transportation systems support or hinder access to individuals with disabilities?

Questions? 18