Week 5 Drafting and Dimensioning the Architectural Floor

Week 5 Drafting and Dimensioning the Architectural Floor Plan

Objectives • This chapter discusses how to draft and dimension a floor plan using straight-edged tools • The single-family residence is the primary focus

What is a Floor Plan? • Orthographic, two-dimensional drawing made by inserting a horizontal cutting plane 4'-0" above the ground • Shows lengths and widths, but not heights • The roof and walls above the cutting plane are “lifted up” • Cutting plane may be staggered at different levels – Example: split-level houses

What is a Floor Plan? (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -1 A floor plan is made with a horizontal cutting plane 4' -0" above the ground.

What Goes on in an Architectural Floor Plan? • Shows finished and unfinished space – Balconies, attached garages, decks, patios, and pools – Walls, wall openings, windows, door swings, skylights, exposed beams, etc. • Room names and symbols that reference the plan to schedules, sections, and details • Each level of the building has its own plan

What Goes on in an Architectural Floor Plan? (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -6 Construction drawing of a house floor plan.

Symbols • Knowledge of symbols, poché, and wall thickness is needed to draw a floor plan • Items must be pochéd with line symbols that represent the material they are made of • Walls must be drawn with a thickness that represents their construction • Doors, windows, cabinets, drains, draperies, and other common items are drawn to represent their size and type

Symbols (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -7 Different ways to poche a 6" exterior wood-frame wall.

Drafting a Floor Plan • Decide which scale to use • Draw the plan’s overall width and length • Draw the exterior walls, the interior walls, door and window openings, the stairs and fireplace

Drafting a Floor Plan (cont’d. ) • Darken the walls • Draw cabinetry, appliances, plumbing fixtures, and door and window symbols, and outline the front and back porches • Draw a second-floor plan

Drafting a Floor Plan (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -25 If a furniture plan is needed, add furniture

Types of Walls • • • Load-bearing walls can be interior/exterior Non–load-bearing walls bear no weight Partial walls are not full height Partitions are non-load bearing interior walls Chase is a passage between floors or walls Dimensions are numbers that describe the size of features and their location from other features

Types of Walls (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -31 Chase wall thickness for floor and wallmounted fixtures

Dimensioning Architectural Construction Plans • Essential rules for dimensioning are accuracy, completeness, and a single, legible interpretation • Architectural dimensioning is aligned • Imperial dimension notes in feet and inches • Circles and arcs are dimensioned from their center points

Dimensioning Architectural Construction Plans (cont’d. ) • Typically three stringers • Place exterior dimensions outside the plan to avoid overcrowding • Varies depending on whether building is standard, wood frame, or masonry • Doors and windows must be located on the drawings

Dimensioning Architectural Construction Plans (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -35 Locate a circle’s or curve’s center from two directions.

Dimensioning Architectural Construction Plans (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -34 Place a dimension note outside a space if there is not enough room to place it inside

Dimensioning Architectural Construction Plans (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -39 Dimensioning practices for wood, masonry, and veneer construction

Dimensioning Cabinet Industry Plans • • Drawings are done to a 12" 1'-0" scale Wall cabinets are drawn with a solid line Appliances are dimensioned to their centers Special features such as pull-out shelves and lazy Susans are not drawn • All numbers are given in inches or inches and fractions of inches • Height is from finished floor to ceiling

Dimensioning Cabinet Industry Plans (cont’d. ) Figure 8 -42 Bathroom dimensioned to cabinet industry standards. Note that fixtures are dimensioned to their centers. Circled numbers reference millwork to a schedule.

Summary • Floor plans are hard-lined once the layout is final • Fixed architectural features are shown in symbol form • Other symbols reference the plan to other drawings • Dimension notes show the size and location of the features • Dimensioning is done differently depending on the target audience for the drawing