Wedge Flow Element 1 V Shaped Restriction No

Wedge Flow Element 1

V - Shaped Restriction • No critical surface dimension • Slanted upstream and downstream faces • No places for secondary phase build-up • Minimal upstream/downstream piping required • Bi-directional 2

Wedge Flow Element • Simple Design - Easy to Understand • No Moving Parts P 1 P 2 Q P 3

Wedge Flow Element V 1 P 1 V 2 Permanent Pressure Loss 4

Wedge Flow Element Physical Attributes Dirty Service Chem Tee (Flush Mtg. ) (1630 LF) 3” Flange Tap Connection (1630 LF) 5

WEDGE Flow Element Physical Attributes Clean Service 1/2" NPT Connection Pipe Tap Connection (1610 LF) 1/4" NPT Direct Connect Integral WEDGE (1335 LZ-1337 LZ) Wafer Water & Gas Injection (1615 LW) 6

Wedge Characterized by H/D to Handle Different Flow Ranges H/D Ratio of 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 D H Determining beta ratio d/D: Orifice Plate: d=orifice bore diameter, D=pipe inside diameter Wedge equivalent beta ratio for H/D ratio selected: for H/D Ratio of use ß 0. 2 0. 38 0. 3 0. 50 0. 4 0. 60 0. 5 0. 70 7

The Wedge Element Advantage Flexibility and Adaptability Wedge Element Process Conn. Wedge Element Materials DP Transmitters Connections • Threaded • 316 SS • Direct connected • Flanged • Carbon Steel • Pipe tap • Wafer • Hastelloy 1 alloy* • Remote seal elements • Monel 2 alloy* • Other exotics * Available upon request 1 Trademark of Cabot Group 2 Trademark of Huntington Alloy, Inc. , The International Nickel Company, Inc. 8

The Wedge Element Advantage • Lower permanent pressure losses than orifice plate mean lower pumping costs for the life of the installation 100 - Pressure Loss % of Meter Differential 90 80 70 60 50 - Orifice Plate Flow Nozzle 40 30 20 - Wedge 10 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 Beta Ratio 9

Typical Linear Curve (Low Reynolds Number) 1 -1/2” (40 mm) Pipe Size 0. 4 H/D KD 2. 920 Calibration Performed with Water . 900 20, 000 25, 000 30, 000 35, 000 40, 000 45, 000 50, 000 Pipe Reynolds No. RD KD 2 Calibration Performed with Glycerine . 940. 920. 900. 880. 860. 840 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Pipe Reynolds No. RD 10

Typical Linear Curve (High Reynolds Number) 3” (75 mm) Pipe Size KD 2 . 3 H/D 2. 20 Water - Average KD 2 = 1. 773 Air - Average KD 2 = 1. 772 2. 00 1. 80 1. 60 . 2 H/D 1. 40 Water - Average KD 2 = 1. 005 Air - Average KD 2 =. 995 1. 20 1. 00. 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Pipe Reynolds X 1000 11

Performance Evaluation Upstream Piping Effects 12

Wedge Family of Problem Solving Flow Elements • Wedge elements are available in standard sizes of 1/2” to 24” (larger sizes available) • Pipe tap, wafer and integral Wedge elements for clean liquids, gases and steam • Remote seal Wedge elements for all fluids - clean, dirty, viscous, corrosive or erosive • Wag Wedge for Wafer and Gas Injection Systems for oil field recovery • Integral Wedge elements connect directly to DP transmitters 13

When to Use the Wedge · Chemical industry - Batching, blending, mixing dyes and viscous fluids · Petrochemicals - High viscosity and black liquors · Oil and Gas - Water injection, custody transfer · Paper and Pulp - High concentration stocks. Timber industry usage · Metals and Mining - Powdered or magnetic slurries. Abrasive flows · Cement industry - Problematic slurry flows · Power and Utilities - Fuel oil and steam flows. Boiler feeds 14

Wedge. Master Flow System 15

Wedge. Master Connections 3” (76 mm) Flange Tap Connection 1630 LF Chemical Tee Connection 1630 LF 16

Wedge. Master Flow System • • • Base System Accuracy: 0. 5% Draft Range Designed for Intended Purpose HART Digital Communications 5 Year Warranty Inductive Sensing • sensing & correcting of sensor temp and static press • Surface Mount Electronics • Local Zero & Span • Configures From KHT & KSSW 17

Comparison Wedge vs Orifice Plates Advantage Disadvantage • Lower Reynolds No. • Less Application History • Better Rangeability • Initial installed cost • Accuracy not Dependent on Sharp Edge • Lower Energy Costs • Five Year Warranty • Less upstream piping required • Dirty Service (Slurries, Fluids w/Solids in Suspension) 18

Wedge vs Orifice Plate Specification Wedge Orifice 0. 5% 0. 75% 4: 1 >500 >30000 • Output square root • Sizes 1/2”- >24”(15 ->600 mm) >1” (>25 mm) 6 Diameters 15 -30 Diameters • Accuracy • Turn Down • Reynolds No. • Straight Upstream Piping 19

Comparison Wedge. Master vs Turbine Meter Advantage Disadvantage • No Moving Parts • Non-linear Output • Corrosive, Dirty Fluids • Viscous Fluids • Less Pressure Loss 20

Wedge vs Turbine Meter Specification Wedge. Master Turbine 0. 5% 4: 1 10: 1 >500 >30000 • Output square root linear • Sizes 1/2” - >24” (15 - >600 mm) 1” - >12” (25 - >300 mm) • Accuracy • Turn Down • Reynolds No. 21

Comparison Wedge vs Vortex Advantage Disadvantage • Low Reynolds No. • Accuracy Affected by Density • Viscous Fluid Applications • Requires Less Upstream/ Downstream Diameters • Non-linear Output • Better Accuracy • Slurry Applications 22

Wedge vs Vortex Specification Wedge. Master Vortex 0. 5% 1. 0% + 4: 1 10: 1+ >500 >10000 • Output square root linear • Sizes 1/2”- >24” (15 - >600 mm) 1” - >10” (25 - >250 mm) 6 Diameters 10 -30 Diameters • Accuracy • Turn Down • Reynolds No. • Straight Upstream Piping 23

Comparison Wedge vs Positive Displacement Advantage Disadvantage • Much Lower Cost • Non-linear Output • No Moving Parts • Greater Piping Requirements • Lower Pressure Loss • Slurry Applications • No Custody Transfer Applications • Steam and Dirty Gas Applications 24

Wedge vs Positive Displacement Wedge. Master P. D. 0. 5% + 4: 1 20: 1 >500 variable • Output square root linear • Sizes 1” - >24” (25 - >600 mm) 1” - >12” (25 - >300 mm) Specification • Accuracy • Turn Down • Reynolds No. 25

Comparison Wedge vs Mass Advantage Disadvantage • Lower Cost • Non-linear Output • No Moving Parts • Less Accurate • Lower Maintenance • Affected by Fluid Properties • More Line Sizes • Not Affected By Vibration 26