Webinars This Week Webinar RecordingsResources www tutor 2

Webinars This Week Webinar Recordings/Resources www. tutor 2 u. net/psychology/series/cpdwebinar-recordings

CPD Events § Fast-Track Your Planning for AQA A Level Psychology (Year 2) § Birmingham 23 rd September § London 30 th September To book: Visitwww. tutor 2 u. net/event s/teachers or email events@tutor 2 u. net A packed day with OVER 40 active teaching & learning activities…

The Sign Test: § Non-Parametric Test § Nominal Data § Repeated Measures Design It’s the only test that students might be asked to calculate in the exam.

The sign test § The sign test is used when looking at paired or related data (from a repeated measures or matched-pairs design). § Let’s imagine the following… Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jim Geoff Joseph Michelle Jon Graham Ruth Anne Hayley Anthony Weight before (KG) Weight after (KG) 80 82 78 50 65 105 55 55 50 70 70 81 85 50 62 69 53 54 49 80

The sign test § Step 1: Work out the ‘sign’. Has the score (weight in kg) gone up or down… Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jim Geoff Joseph Michelle Jon Graham Ruth Anne Hayley Anthony Weight before (KG) Weight after (KG) 80 82 78 50 65 105 55 55 50 70 70 81 85 50 62 69 53 54 49 80 +

The sign test Tutor 2 u employees Weight loss - 7 Weight gain + Weight same 2 1 § 2. Calculate the value of ‘S’ § Give the calculated value of S in this study and explain how you arrived at this figure. [3 marks] § The calculated value of S is the score we get from adding up the total number of pluses (+=2) and the total number of minuses (-=7) and then taking the number which is the lowest, in this case 2. § However, any non-differences (0 s=1) are ignored. § Therefore, the calculated value of S = 2

The sign test Tutor 2 u employees Weight loss Weight gain Weight same 7 2 1 § 3. Calculate the value of ‘N’ § What is the value of N and how explain how you arrive at this figure. [3 marks] § In relation to the sign test, N stands for the total number of scores (ignoring any zero values). In this case 7+2=9. § The value of N = 9.

The sign test § Calculated S = 2 § N = 9 § 4. Find the critical S value… § What is the critical value of S for a one-tailed test at a 0. 05 significant level. § The critical value of S = 1. one-tailed (directional) 0. 05 0. 01 Two-tailed (nondirectional) 0. 10 0. 02 N 5 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 1 0 9 1 1 10 1 1 11 2 1 12 2 2

The sign test § Calculated S = 2 § N = 9 § Critical value of S = 1 § 5. Determine whether the results are significant. § For the sign test, the calculated value must be equal to or less than the critical value, for the results to be significant. § Therefore, as the calculated value [2] is higher than our critical value [1], these results are not significant at a 0. 05 level.

The sign test in 5 steps… 1: Work out the ‘sign’. Has the score gone up (+) or down (-)… 2. Calculate the value of ‘S’. The lowest score, excluding any ‘nil’ scores. 3. Calculate the value of ‘N’. The total number of scores, excluding any ‘nil’ scores. 4. Find the critical S value…Using the critical values table. 5. Determine whether the results are significant. Is your calculated value for S less than or equal to the critical value for S?

The sign test § Let’s apply the sign test to one of the sample questions:

The sign test § The psychologists conducting the training decided to use the Sign Test to see whethere was a significant difference in confidence in managing difficult classroom behaviour before and after the course. Give the calculated value of S in this study and explain how you arrived at this figure. [3 marks] Answer: § The calculated value of S = 2 § The calculated value of S is the score we get from adding up the total number of pluses (+=16) and the total number of minuses (-=2) and then taking the number which is the lowest, in this case 2. However, any non-differences (0 s) are ignored.

The sign test § What is the value of N and how explain how you arrive at this figure. [3 marks] Answer: § In relation to the sign test, N stands for the total number of scores (ignoring any zero values). In this case 16+2=18. § The value of N = 18.

The sign test § Calculated S = 2 § N = 18 § What is the critical value of S for a one-tailed test at a 0. 05 significant level. § The critical value of S = 5. one-tailed (directional) 0. 05 0. 01 Two-tailed (nondirectional) 0. 10 0. 02 N 11 2 1 12 2 2 13 3 2 14 3 2 15 3 3 16 4 3 17 4 4 18 5 4

The sign test § Calculated S = 2 § N = 18 § Critical value of S = 5 § 5. Determine whether the results are significant. § For the sign test, the calculated value must be equal to or less than the critical value, for the results to be significant. § Therefore, as the calculated value [2] is lower than our critical value [5], these results are significant at a 0. 05 level.

The sign test § Explain why statistical testing is used in psychological research. [2 marks] Answer: § Statistical tests are used to determine whether the difference found (or relationship) occurred due to chance. § APPLICATION: Therefore, the psychologist was conducting a test to see if the training programme affected the teachers confidence level.

Resources § Activity 1 – Revisiting the Sign Test Use the webinar recording as a revision activity / independent cover work…

Resources § Activity 2: Sign Test Sorted Complete sign test calculation worksheet with teacher answers.

Strong Foundations 1) Research Methods LIVE! 2) Explore Inferential Statistics 3) Using your Year 1 stuff to NAIL issues and debates LUNCH 4) Let’s get ready for Year 2 Biopsychology 5) Raising your game in Year 2 http: //www. tutor 2 u. net/events

Today’s Resources & Any Questions § Today’s resources will be posted in our AQA Teacher FB Group. Search ‘AQA A Level Psychology Teachers’ https: //www. facebook. com/groups/aqaalevelpsychologyteachers/ OR § Sign Up to our Daily Digest: http: //www. tutor 2 u. net/dailydigest and receive an email tomorrow morning directing you to the resources.

§ Don’t forget to sign up for our future webinars: www. tutor 2 u. net/psychology/events § Please follow us on Twitter @tutor 2 upsych and spread the word… § Join our Teacher FB Community, search: ‘AQA A Level Psychology Teachers’ § Encourage your students to join our Student FB Community: ‘A Level Psychology Student Group’. § If you ever need any advice, support or guidance, email: joseph@tutor 2 u. net Any Questions?