WEATHERIZATION INSTALLERTECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS Windows and Doors WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE

WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS Windows and Doors WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Learning Objectives WINDOWS & DOORS By attending this session, participants will be able to: • List correct window terminology. • State how windows lose and gain heat. • Explain the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) for window and door replacement compared to other building shell retrofits. • Identify various methods and materials for window and door treatments. • Discuss recommended window and door replacement criteria. • Identify methods and techniques for replacing windows and doors. 2 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

History WINDOWS & DOORS • Window and door treatments were common before costeffectiveness requirements. • Very popular with clients. • Met required material-to-labor cost ratios. • Before blower doors were common, couldn’t quantify envelope leakage. Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 3 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

State of the Practice WINDOWS & DOORS • Blower doors identify air-sealing opportunities. • Computerized energy audits list measures in order of SIR. Windows and doors rank low. • Window and door replacement is far less common. 4 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Principles WINDOWS & DOORS Solar Heat Gain Through Double Pane Insulated Window So lar Radiation to indoors En er gy Net solar transmission Reflected Heat absorbed by glass Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 5 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Comparison of SHGC and U-Factor WINDOWS & DOORS Glazing Assembly U-factor SHG 1 0. 87 Standard insulated glass 0. 50 0. 75 Low-e, high SHGC insulated glass 0. 30 0. 74 Low-e, low SHGC insulated glass 0. 30 0. 41 Single glass Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 6 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

NFRC Window Label WINDOWS & DOORS The NFRC rates windows on: • U-factor. • Solar heat gain coefficient. • Visible Transmittance. • Air leakage. • Condensation resistance. 7 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Heat Loss, Standard Window Assembly WINDOWS & DOORS • Radiation from indoors to outdoors • Conduction through glass and spacers • Convection adjacent to interior and exterior glass surfaces Indoors Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 8 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Heat Loss, Improved Window Assembly WINDOWS & DOORS Improved spacer • Low-e coating on outdoor side of inner pane • Improved spacer • Gas filled air space Low-e coating Gas filled air space Indoors Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 9 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Window Terminology WINDOWS & DOORS Typical Wood Window Head Jamb Upper Sash Glass Plane Exterior Side Jamb Lower Sash Stop Trim Sill (sloped) Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 10 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Window Types WINDOWS & DOORS Casement Awning Picture Double Hung 11 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 Slider eere. energy. gov

Window Treatments WINDOWS & DOORS V-Channels Where applicable: • Replace broken glass • Replace broken sash locks Upper Sash Stop • Weatherstrip meeting rails and sliding surfaces • Install pulley seals • Caulk interior trim Lower Sash Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 12 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Glass Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS • Remove broken pane. • Measure opening, and cut new pane from glass sheet. • Install, point, and glaze replacement pane. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy 13 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Guidelines for Window Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS Window replacement is not cost-effective unless: • The existing window creates a hazard to health, safety, or building durability. • The existing window is damaged or weathered beyond repair and the replacement material and labor cost is less than the cost of repair. Always attempt to repair or improve existing windows before considering replacement. • Window replacement should not be considered a measure to reduce air infiltration or as a health and safety measure. Window selection should reflect the climate. • Choose high SHGC in cold climates and low SHGC in hot climates. • Look for low-e coatings on interior panes in cold climates and on exterior panes in hot climates. 14 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS • Remove existing frame, sash pulley weights etc. Tip: Score all painted joints with a sharp utility knife prior to removal of window trim. Use a thin bladed pry bar to prevent marring the trim. • Install a complete vinyl unit that fits inside the existing frame against the exterior window stops. • Seal perimeter with low expanding foam to ensure an air tight installation. • Reinstall existing interior trim and seal with caulk. • Always employ lead safe work practices when lead based paint will be disturbed. 15 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

In-jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 16 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 17 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 18 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy 19 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

• Windows and Doors 1. Protect the floor 2. Wet surfaces prior to removal 3. Clean as you go 4. Dispose of old windows properly Photos courtesy of US Department of Energy 20 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Mobile Home Jalousie Windows WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy Always install factory replacement single-hung or “slider” units that include self-storing storm windows. 21 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Mobile Home Window Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy Measure rough openings and acquire the replacements before removing any windows from the home. Always insist on factory-replacement windows. 22 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Other Allowable Window Treatments WINDOWS & DOORS • Interior storm windows • Moveable insulation systems • Education, encouraging clients to use: – Simple methods for high and low ventilation during warm periods – Draperies during cold periods Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy 23 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Doors WINDOWS & DOORS • Replacements are not cost effective because of their high cost and relatively low impact on energy savings. • Potentially significant air leakage and comfort issues are due to operational problems and poor seals. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy 24 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Door Terminology WINDOWS & DOORS Top Rail Hinge Panel Hinge Stile Mullion Stop Lock Stile Jamb Lock Rail Casing Bottom Rail Threshold Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 25 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Door Repair and Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS Replace doors only when cost-effective as an envelope measure. • Reduce air leakage. • Ensure proper closure. Weatherization measures must have an SIR equal to or greater than 1. Sweep Threshold Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula 26 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Notes on Door Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS • Replace the existing door with a solid core wood door blank. Use this method only if the existing rough opening is reasonably square and the frame is in good shape. • Consider a pre-hung energy efficient unit that will fit the rough opening. This is accomplished in much less time than retrofitting a door blank. • Manufacture doors on site for special situations such as open coal access areas adjacent to conditioned basements. • Must employ lead-safe work practices when lead-based paint will be disturbed. 27 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Mobile Home Doors WINDOWS & DOORS • Use a factory replacement exterior pre-hung single door unit. • Door framing may have to be replaced or the floor repaired. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy 28 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Mobile Home DHWT Closets WINDOWS & DOORS • Replace deteriorated doors with factory replacements. • Specify louvered doors if the home has fossil-fueled appliances to ensure adequate combustion air. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy 29 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov

Summary WINDOWS & DOORS • Window and door retrofits should be limited to minor repairs and weatherstripping. • Window and door replacements are generally not cost-effective and should only be considered as a last resort. • Consider the climate when selecting replacement windows. • Use lead-safe work practices when disturbing lead-based paint. • Follow manufacturer’s instructions for measuring, specifying, and installing windows. 30 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere. energy. gov