Weather IFR Topics 2 IFR Weather Topics Onboard
Weather IFR Topics
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IFR Weather Topics Onboard Weather Systems 3 Airframe Icing An IFR Trip with Significant Weather
Onboard Weather Systems § § Flight watch and ATC Onboard weather radar Lightning detection Downloaded weather – XM weather – ADS-B 4
Onboard Weather System Comparison ATC/FW Radar Lightning XM ADS-B No special equipment Wide area Instant Live Navigate in between $$, power, weight cost Twin or pod Forward only Short delay Live Navigate in between $ cost Needs constant clearing Immediate area only Wide area Graphic Air or ground Wide area Graphic No subscription Limited reception Unknown delay No visual Relies on others Unknown delay 5 Subscription Unknown delay
ATC § Has your precise location § Usually slightly more current than Flight Watch § Varied experience § Varied equipment 6 Flight Watch § § Well trained Has wide area weather Overly conservative Time consuming
Onboard Weather Radar Placement 7
Onboard Weather Radar 8
Onboard Weather Radar § Shadowing? Attenuation 9
Lightning Detection 360° View Forward view 10 § Detects electrical discharge. § Can be used on the ground. § Stronger discharges may appear closer. § The speed discharges appear indicates intensity. This requires clearing § Gyro stabilization reduces need for clearing on turns.
• Air Traffic Control gets ADS-B out will be required in all more accurate aircraft controlled airspace positions and better and above 10, 000 MSL byradar. January 1, 2020. coverage than (ADS-B OUT) • We get traffic information, in flight weather and notams. (ADS-B IN) ADS-B IN Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS-B Broadcast IN ADS-B OUT 11 11
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XM Satellite § § ADS-B Satellite based § Ground based Full US coverage § Limited coverage including on ground especially on ground § Requires hardware and § Requires hardware – no monthly subscription needed § Both have delays of up to 20 minutes to display ground based radar. § They cannot be used to safely navigate in between 13 cells – only around area activity.
Structural Icing 14 § Structural icing can form anytime you are in visible moisture and the outside air temperature is near or below freezing. § If you encounter icing, experience will help you guess what the accumulation rate will be but it is always a guess and is never comfortable.
Icing probability by temperature 15 Cumulus Clouds Stratiform Clouds Rain and Drizzle High 0º to -20ºC 0º to -15ºC Below 0ºC Medium -20º to -40ºC -15º to -30ºC Low < than -40ºC < than -30ºC
Structural Anti-icing Systems § Turbine engine bleed air directed into ducting along the leading edges of wings and tail planes. § Pneumatic deicing boots inflate breaking ice off. § Weeping wing system, which has hundreds of small holes in the leading edges that releases anti-icing fluid on demand to prevent the buildup of ice. § Electrical heating usually on propellers, pitot tubes and windshields. 16 § Percussion usually via electrical capacitance or inductance.
An IFR Weather Trip Nov 21 -25, 2011 § A fool learns from his mistakes, but a truly wise man learns from the mistakes of others. Otto von Bismarck § A smart person learns from his mistakes, but a truly wise person learns from the mistakes of others. A fool never learns. Nelson Hochberg 17
An IFR Weather Trip Nov 21 -25, 2011 The plan: 6 B 4 Utica, NY I 39 Richmond, KY KFLG Flagstaff, AZ 18 KJVW Jackson, MS
An IFR Weather Trip Forecast Weather Nov 21 19
An IFR Weather Trip Weather Morning Nov 21 20
An IFR Weather Trip Weather 5 AM Nov 21 21
An IFR Weather Trip Planned Actual Routing. Nov 21 21 KADM KFLG Ardmore, OK Flagstaff, AZ KDUA Durant, OK KJVW Jackson, MS 22
An IFR Weather Trip KADM Approach 23
An IFR Weather Trip Weather 5 PM Nov 21 24
An IFR Weather Trip Lessons § IFR fuel reserve rule: fly to destination, fly to alternate plus 45 minutes; all at cruise – Means: Destination + full approach + full miss + alternate + full approach + 45 minutes – All with lost communications § IFR popup: Same rule; best to avoid 25
An IFR Weather Trip Weather 5 AM Nov 22 26
An IFR Weather Trip C 35 Reedsburg, WI OMA Omaha, NE Planned Actual Routing Morning Nov 22 27 KADM Ardmore, OK KIKW Midland, MI
An IFR Weather Trip Routing Nov 23 KIKW Midland, MI 28 KRME Rome, NY
An IFR Weather Trip Forecast Weather Nov 26 29
An IFR Weather Trip Weather 5 AM Nov 26 6 B 4 Utica, NY I 50 Stanton, KY KJVW Jackson, MS 30
An IFR Weather Trip Routing Nov 26 KLOU Louisville, KY I 50 Stanton, KY 6 I 2 31 Springfield, KY
An IFR Weather Trip Lessons § Always do a complete, methodical preflight and run up. – Using a written checklist. § Have electronic charts up and running before take off. § Even (especially) if you think you are in a hurry. § I’m going to add alternator idiot lights when I get the Aztec back up and running. 32
Questions? § Finis 33
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