WEATHER and METEOROLOGY npor Eva Slovk Kubalov CONTENT

WEATHER and METEOROLOGY npor. Eva Slovák Kubalová

CONTENT WEATHER = the state of the atmosphere at precise time and place, it is given by observed atmospheric phenomena. METEOROLOGY = the science studying atmosphere.

METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA Meteorological phenomena influencing aviation: Ø Ø Ø turbulence wind precipitation, icing clouds visibility

TURBULENCE

TURBULENCE

WIND • the movement of the air between areas of different atmospheric pressure • wind direction / speed (knots) • head-, cross-, tailwind • anemometer, windsock

WIND • gust = a sudden, temporary increase of wind speed of at least 10 knots

WIND • Squall = a temporary and sudden increase in wind speed of at least 15 knots and which lasts for at least 1 min

WIND • windshear = a sudden change in wind direction and/or speed over a short distance

WIND • Microburst = very dangerous windshear which is associated with storms and CBs; = a downdraft over a small area

PRECIPITATION • intensity: light, moderate, heavy • form: rain, shower, drizzle, thunderstorm, sleet snow, freezing rain or drizzle, blizzard, hail and pellets, dew, icing

PRECIPITATION

CLOUDS • a mass of water droplets and/or ice crystals • cloud base - the lowest height of the cloud cover • cloud cover - the amount of cloud which can be seen in the sky

CLOUD TYPE • low (strato-), middle (alto-), high level (cirro-)

SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS • CB – large, dense, unstable heap cloud with a lot of vertical height and which can develop into thunderstorm • Cumulus - large, unstable heap cloud with considerable vertical extent

VISIBILITY • phenomena reducing visibility: haze, mist, fog

INTENSITY OF PHENOMENA • Precipitation (e. g. , rain, snow, hail): - light - moderate - heavy • Wind shear: - moderate - strong • Other phenomena (e. g. , turbulence, icing): - light - moderate - severe

SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION • • meteorological briefing radar screen (letvis) ledis screen pilot's and ATCo's reports

REPORTS • METAR – actual report (H 1) – visibility, clouds, wind, temp. , QNH, dew point, … • TAF – terminal AD forecast, period H 9 every H 3, period H 12 -24 every H 6, • SPECI – extra report given due to significant and sudden changes, • SNOWTAM – about snow and snow clearing at an airfield.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS Where can be turbulence observed? What intensity of turbulence do you know? Which cloud can develop into thunderstorm? Which phenomena reduce visibility? What examples of precipitation do you know? What are headwind, crosswind and tailwind? What sources of meteorological information do you use at work?