Weather and meteorology CAPT STANISLAV HOFMAN UO BRNO

Weather and meteorology CAPT. STANISLAV HOFMAN UO BRNO 2015

Definitions �Weather is the state of the atmosphere at precise time and given position. It is given by observed atmospheric phenomena such as temperature, moisture, wind, barometric pressure, clouds, etc. �Meteorology is a science studying the atmosphere.

Main information for pilot and ATCo �Wind, �Visibility, �Clouds, �Temperature, �Pressure, �Meteorological hazards (thunderstorm, windshear, icing, precipitations, fog, mist, turbulence)

WIND � Wind - the movement of the air between areas of a different atmospheric pressure � Gust - a sudden temporary increase of wind speed, at least 10 knots � Wind shear - a sudden change in wind direction and/or speed over a short distance � Wind is indicated by direction and velocity � Headwind, tailwind, crosswind

VISIBILITY § Types - meteorological, flight visibility, RVR § Limitations - haze, mist, fog patches § Phenomena reducing visibility - humidity, low level clouds

CLOUDS § § cloud base, top of clouds cloud cover cloud type - low, middle, high level CB - thunderstorm, lightning, thunder

CLOUDS � Cloud base - the lowest height of the cloud cover � Cloud cover - the amount of clouds which can be seen in the sky �Significant clouds - cumulonimbus CB - large, dense, unstable heap cloud with a lot of vertical height and which can develop into thunderstorms

TEMPERATURE �Celsius degree �Dewpoint - itś a temperature then the air is maximally saturated with water vapour (relative humidity reaches 100%). If the temperature drops below this point, condensation occurs. PRESSURE �QNH (AMSL) �QFE (AGL) �Standard atmospheric pressure (FL)

METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS PRECIPITATION § § § intensity, time, form, amount light, moderate, heavy continuous, intermittend rain, shower, drizzle, thunderstorm, sleet snow, freezing rain or drizzle, blizzard, hail icing

METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS THUNDERSTORMS § Squall, turbulence, gusts, windshear § Lightning, thunder § Heavy rain, hail

Meteorological forecast and information �METAR - Meteorological Aerodrome Report METAR LKNA 301900 Z 13010 KT 9999 OVC 020 02/M 02 Q 1013 NOSIG �TAF - Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF LKNA 301700 Z 3018/3118 12010 KT 7000 OVC 017 BECMG 3019/3021 15018 G 35 KT PROB 30 TEMPO 3106/3111 15025 G 45 KT PROB 30 TEMPO 3109/3115 4000 -RA BR OVC 015 �SPECI – Special Met Report

Source of meteorological information - meteorological briefing - radar screen - Ledis screen - pilot’s and ATCo’s report

Abbreviations BC, BCFG, BKN, BLSN, BR, CB, CLD, DP, DU, DZ, FEW, FG, FU, FZRA, GR, HVYGR, HZ, ICE, OVC, RA, RERA, SCT, SH, SKC, SN, TS, VIS, VRB, WS, Colour code - Colour system used to describe weather at airfield (visibility, cloud base) BLU, WHT, GRN, YLO, AMB, RED, BLACK

Thank you for your attention! QUESTIONS?