Weapon polymorphism in harvestmen Multiple weapon morphs within

Weapon polymorphism in harvestmen: Multiple weapon morphs within single species Chrissie Painting, Anna Probert, Daniel Townsend, Greg Holwell University of Auckland @cpaintingnz chrissiepainting@gmail. com

James Lindsey Jwanamaker Animal Weapons Didier Descouens Paulmaz Udo Schmidt

Polyphenism Dimorphism Trimorphism Photo: Alex Wild Genetic polymorphism Photo: Gerhard Hofmann Rowland & Emlen 2012

Detecting dimorphism & trimorphism e. g. exaggerated apophyses on coxa of neotropical harvestmen Buzatto et al 2014 Evolution

Diversity in NZ Neopilionid harvestmen

Pantopsalis cheliferoides “Long-slender morph” “Short-broad morph” “Small-slender morph”

Assigning male morphs Chelicera length

Assigning male morphs Chelicera width

Trimorphism revealed by inspecting two measures of weapon size

Fighting strategies Long-slender Short-broad

Fighting strategies Long-slender Short-broad Small-slender No observations Sneaking behaviour?

How are these morphs maintained? Small weapon Weapon size Exaggerated morph 1 Exaggerated morph 2 Genetic polymorphism Rock-paper-scissors game? Conditional threshold Body size Stickpen: Wikipedia commons

Acknowledgements Long nights in the field: Caleb Nicholson, Leanne Powell, Leilani Walker, Tom Saunders Anne & Alistair Stubbs for access to their land Collections: John Early, Dhahara Ranatunga, Grace Hall, Cor Vink, Matthew Shaw, Chris Lyal, Luca Bartolozzi Funding: Uo. A FRDF Post Doc fellowship Illustrations: Emma Scheltema Discussion: Bruno Buzatto, Mariella Herbertstein

chrissiepainting@gmail. com @cpaintingnz https: //chrissiepainting. wordpress. com