We hold these truths to be selfevident that

התנצלות על הרושם הפטרוני We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain undeniable rights, that among these rights are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. מגילת העצמאות של ארה"ב

מצוקה נפשית בקרב הומוסקסואלים 1. Herrell, R. , Goldberg, J. , True, W. R. , Ramakrishnan, V. , Lyons, M. , Eisen, S. , Tsuang, M. T. (1999) Sexual Orientation and Suicidality: A Co-twin Control Study in Adult Men. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 56: 867 -874. Gays prone to suicide 6. 5 times more than co-twins. 2. Remafedi, G. , Farrow, J. , and Deisher, R. (1991). Risk Factors for Attempted Suicide in Gay and Bisexual Youth. Pediatrics, 87(6): 869 -875. The risk of suicide decreases by 80% for each year that a young man delays homosexual/bisexual self-labeling. Suicide attempts were not explained by experiences with discrimination, violence, loss of friendship, or current personal attitude towards homosexuality. 3. Ross, M. W. (1988): Homosexuality and mental health: A cross-cultural review. J. Homosex, 15(1/2): 131 -152. Comorbidity unrelated to the culture within which the homosexual person lives. 4. de Graaf, R. , Sandfort, T. G. M. and ten Have, M. (2006): Suicidality and sexual orientation: Differences between men and women in a general population-based sample from the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35: 253 -262. Homosexual men differed from their heterosexual counterparts on all four suicide symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] ranging from 2. 58 to 10. 23, with higher ORs for more severe symptoms), and on the sum total of the four symptoms; homosexual women only differed from heterosexual women on suicide contemplation (OR=2. 12). 5. Cochran, B. N & Cauce, A. M (2006). Characteristics of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals entering substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 30: 135 -146. LGBT clients used drugs of abuse more frequently than heterosexuals, and took psychotropic medications in twice the proportion of heterosexual clients. Significantly more likely to be victims of domestic violence.

גורמי התאבדות אינהרנטיים 1. Saghir, M. T. , Robins, E. (1973) Male and Female Homosexuality: A Comprehensive Investigation. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 2/3 suicides due to breakup 2. Bell, A. P. , & Weinberg, M. S. (1978) Homosexualities: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women. New York: Simon & Shuster. Major reason for suicide attempts was the breakup of relationships. In second place was the inability to accept oneself.

? " "עשרה אחוז מהאוכלוסייה 1. Reisman, J. A. & Eichel, E. W. (1990). Kinsey, Sex and Fraud: The Indoctrination of a People. An Investigation into the Human Sexuality Research of Alfred C. Kinsey. Lafayette, LA: Huntington House. 2. A study of 5, 514 Canadian college and university students under the age of 25 found 1% who were homosexual and 1% who were bisexual. (King et al. , 1988). 3. A study of 8, 337 British men found that 6. 1% had "any homosexual experience" and 3. 6% had "1+ homosexual partner ever. " (Johnson et al. , 1992). 4. A French study of 20, 055 people found that 4. 1% of the men and 2. 6% of the women had at least one occurrence of intercourse with person of the same sex during their lifetime. (ANRS, 1992). 5. A Danish random survey found that 2. 7% of the 1, 373 men who responded to their questionnaire had homosexual experience (intercourse). (Melbye, 1992). 6. The National Health Interview Survey does household interviews of the civilian non-institutionalized population. The results of three of these surveys, done in 1990 -1991 and based on over 9, 000 responses each time, found between 2 -3% of the people responding said yes to a set of statements which included "You are a man who has had sex with another man at some time since 1977, even one time. " (Dawson, Hardy, 1990 -1992) 7. In a random survey of 6, 300 Norwegians, 3. 5% of the men and 3% of the women reported that they had a homosexual experience sometime in their life. (Sundet et al. , 1988).

" אקסקלוסיביות - "נון 1. Shernoff, M. (2006). Negotiated non-monogamy and male couples. Family Process, 45(4), 407 -418. 2. Johnson, T. W. , & Keren, M. S. (1996). Creating and maintaining boundaries in male couples. In J. Laird & R. J. Green (Eds. ), Lesbians and gays in couples and families: A handbook for therapists (pp. 231 -250). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ( " לנאמנות bias"- ללמוד להתגבר על ה : זוגו - נאמנות בן - )המלצת המחברים להומוסקסואל הנפגע מאי ! תודה , לא

" "כך נולדת AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION FACT SHEET [!] MAY 2000 Q. Is It Possible To Change One’s Sexual Orientation (“Reparative Therapy”)? A. There is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of “reparative therapy” as a treatment to change one’s sexual orientation, nor is it included in the APA’s Task Force Report, Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. More importantly, altering sexual orientation is not an appropriate goal of psychiatric treatment. Some may seek conversion to heterosexuality because of the difficulties that they encounter as a member of a stigmatized group. Clinical experience indicates that those who have integrated their sexual orientation into a positive sense of selffunction are at a healthier psychological level than those who have not.

כולם מיישרים קו ASSOCIATION RESOLUTIONS OPPOSING REPARATIVE THERAPY • • • American Academy of Pediatrics American Federation of Teachers American Medical Association American Psychiatric Association American Psychological Association The Interfaith Alliance National Association of School Psychologists National Association of Social Workers National Association of Secondary School Principals National Education Association New Ways Ministries People for the American Way

" "הוכח שזה גנטי Xq 28 - Thanks for the genes, Mum The T-shirt worn by the San Francisco gay made it clear: A single piece of DNA - from the q 28 region of his X chromosome, inherited from his mother - was the sole cause of his sexual orientation

" "הוכח שזה גנטי 1. Bailey, J. M. , & Pillard, R. C. (1991) A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48: 1089 -1096. (caveat: volunteer bias) Ø MZ twin: Ø DZ twin: Ø Brother: Ø Adopted brother: 52 % 22 % 9. 2% 11 %

ניסיון רפליקציה שנכשל Mustanski, B. S. , Du. Pree, M. G. , Nievergelt, C. M. , Bocklandt, S. , Schork, N. J. & Hamer, D. H. (2005). “A genomewide scan of male sexual orientation. ” Human Genetics, http: //mypage. iu. edu/~bmustans/Mustanski_etal_2005. pdf. . מודים כי לא הצליחו למצוא קורלציה לשלושת האזורים המבטיחים ביותר ! בגנום ממחקריהם הקודמים

" "הוכח שזה גנטי Långström N, Rahman Q, Carlström E, Lichtenstein P (February 2010). "Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: a population study of twins in Sweden". Arch Sex Behav. 39 (1): 75– 80. Biometric modeling revealed that, in men, genetic effects explained. 34–. 39 of the variance [of sexual orientation], the shared environment. 00, and the individual-specific environment. 61–. 66 of the variance. Corresponding estimates among women were. 18–. 19 for genetic factors, . 16–. 17 for shared environmental, and. 64–. 66 for unique environmental factors. Although wide confidence intervals suggest cautious interpretation, the results are consistent with moderate, primarily genetic, familial effects, and moderate to large effects of the nonshared environment (social and biological) on samesex sexual behavior.

(2018) דבר ראש פרויקט הגנום האנושי Francis S. Collins, MD Pd. D, former director of the National Human Genome Research Institute What do we know about the role of genetics of male homosexuality? When we want to understand how much of a particular human behavior is hereditary, and how much is learned, we often start with those experiments of nature called identical twins. Identical twins have exactly the same DNA. So if some characteristic is purely genetic, the twins would be 100 percent concordant. But for sexual orientation, they’re not. So what’s the actual data? If one male twin is exclusively homosexual, what’s the chance the other one will be? It’s about 20 percent. It’s not 100 percent, but it’s not 3 or 4 percent, which is roughly the population frequency. If you look at fraternal twins, who share environment, even in the womb, concordance is way less than 20 percent. That says there are clearly some genetic factors involved in male sexual orientation, but they are predisposing, not predetermining. Another interesting fact, which I don’t know how to explain, is that the chance of being a male homosexual goes up with each older brother that you have had. That’s been confirmed in multiple studies. And nobody really understands the mechanism.

. . . לא ממש כך , "כך נולדת" – טוב American Psychological Association "Answers to Your Questions about Sexual Orientation Homosexuality“ AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION FACTand SHEET [!] MAY 2000 (March 2008) causes person. One’s to have a particular sexual orientation? Q. Is. What It Possible Toa. Change Sexual Orientation (“Reparative Therapy”)? A. There is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of There is no consensus among scientists about the exact reasons that an “reparative therapy” as a treatment to change one’s sexual orientation, individual develops a heterosexual, bisexual, gay, or lesbian orientation. nor is it included in the APA’s Task Force Report, Treatments of Psychiatric Although much research has examined the possible genetic, hormonal, Disorders. More importantly, altering sexual orientation is not an developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, no appropriate goal of psychiatric treatment. Some may seek conversion to findings have emerged that permit scientists to conclude that sexual heterosexuality because of the difficulties that they encounter as a orientation is determined by any particular factor or factors. Many think that member of a stigmatized group. Clinical experience indicates that those nature and nurture both play complex roles; most people experience little or who have integrated their sexual orientation into a positive sense of selfno sense of choice about their sexual orientation. function are at a healthier psychological level than those who have not.

נטייה מינית ומבנה המוח Le. Vay, S. (1991) A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science, 258: 1034 -1037. (INAH )גרעינים אינטרסטיציאליים בהיפותלמוס האנטריורי Le. Vay, S. (1994) The Sexual Brain. Mass. : MIT Press. To many people, finding a difference in brain structure between gay and straight men is equivalent to proving that gay men are "born that way. " Time and again I have been described as someone who "proved that homosexuality is genetic" or some such thing. I did not. My observations were made only on adults who had been sexually active for a considerable period of time. It is not possible, purely on the basis of my observations, to say whether the structural differences were present at birth, and later influenced the men to become gay or straight, or whether they arose in adult life, perhaps as a result of the men's sexual behavior. (P. 72 ההדגשות )שלי

נטייה מינית ומבנה המוח Breedlove, S. M. (1997) Sex on the brain. Nature, 389: 801. הצפיפות והגודל של נוירונים מסוימים בגנגליונים . השדרתיים של חולדות תלויים בתדירות ההזדווגויות “These findings give us proof for what we theoretically know to be the case – that sexual experience can alter the structure of the brain, just as genes can alter it. [I]t is possible that differences in sexual behavior cause (rather than are caused by) differences in the brain. ”

ראיות מתחום הנוירופסיכואנליזה Friedman, R. C. , & Downey, J. I. (2002) Sexual Orientation and Psychoanalysis: Sexual Science and Clinical Practice. New York: Columbia University Press, "Fantasies may (temporarily) repair the more profound damage that occurs to self as a result of severe trauma. Fantasies may also soothe, enhance security, and bolster self-esteem or repair a sense of having been abandoned or rejected. " (p. 6) ". . . a particular man's sexual orientation may indeed change if he happened to be one of the minority who appears to retain the capacity for sexual plasticity rather than rigid crystallization of sexual fantasies. " (P. 18).

? תקיפה מינית בילדות כגורם להומוסקסואליות בבגרות 1 Johnson, R. L. , Shrier, D. (1985) Sexual Victimization of Boys: Experience at an Adolescent Medicine Clinic. Journal of Adolescent Health Care 6: 372 -376. 300 intercity boys 40 assaulted before puberty Ø 47. 5% homosexual Ø 10% bisexual 260 not assaulted Ø 0% homosexual

? תקיפה מינית בילדות כגורם להומוסקסואליות בבגרות 2. Johnson, R. L. , Shrier, D (1987) Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. Am. J. Psychiatry 144: 650 -652 Molested boys (mean age 10) Ø 11 female-molested Ø 14 male-molested Ø 25 non-molested 3 (28%) homosexual 8 (57%) homosexual 2 (8%) homosexual

? תקיפה מינית בילדות כגורם להומוסקסואליות בבגרות 3. Dimock, P. T. (1988). Adult males sexually abused as children: Characteristics and implications for treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence: 3: 203 -216. Ø Of 25 men with history of abuse: 16 reported gender identity confusion, 8 bisexual, 2 primarily homosexual, 1 professed heterosexual but was not. 4. Remafedi, G. (1994) Predictors of unprotected intercourse among gay and bisexual youth: Knowledge, belief, and behavior. Pediatrics, 94: 163 -165. Ø 239 men aged 13 to 21 self-identified as homosexual or bisexual Ø 42% had been sexually abused or assaulted Ø (30% had attempted suicide; 23% used cocaine; 66% used marijuana regularly; 29% had been arrested; 11% had accepted money for sex)

? תקיפה מינית בילדות כגורם להומוסקסואליות בבגרות 5. Tomeo, M. , Templer, D. , Anderson, S. , & Kotler, D. (2001) Comparative data on childhood and adolescence molestation in homosexual and heterosexual persons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30(3): 535 -541. Ø 942 adults. Ø Homosexuals: 46% men (mean age 11), 22% women (mean age 13) reported child molestation by person of same gender Ø Heterosexuals: 7% men, 1% women (Ego syntonic: 97% of the gay men participated in gay pride celebration) השפעותיה של פגיעה מינית על הזהות המגדרית והנטייה המינית : (2011). ר , לוי. 8. 173 -183 : (2) כ"ה , שיחות. של נפגעים גברים – השלכות טיפוליות

התיאוריה ההורמונלית Dorner G, Schenk B, et al. (1983) Stressful events in prenatal life of bi- and homosexual men. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, 81: 83 -87. Mothers of male homosexuals, bisexuals and heterosexuals were to recall stressful episodes they may have experienced during pregnancy (e. g. deaths of close relatives, divorces, separations, traumatic, financial or sexual experiences, feelings of severe anxiety). Nearly two-thirds of the mothers of the male homosexuals, compared to one-third of the mothers of the bisexuals and less than 10% of the mothers of the heterosexuals were able to recall such episodes.

אוריינטציה מינית וסדר הלידה 1. Cantor, JM, Blanchard, R, Paterson, AD, Bogaert, AF (2002): How many gay men owe their sexual orientation to fraternal birth order? Archives of Sexual Behavior 31: 63 -71. Likelihood increases by 33% with every male elder brother

אוריינטציה מינית וסדר הלידה 2. Bogaert, Anthony F (2000) Birth order and sexual orientation in a national probability sample. Journal of Sex Research 37(3): 361 -68. “[T]he birth order effect seems to be one of the more robust findings in modern sexology. ” “One of the more impressive elements of the birth order effect is its generalizability. Not only has the effect been demonstrated in samples of men from different eras (see Blanchard & Bogaert, 1996 a, 1996 b), from different countries (see Blanchard & Bogaert, 1996 b; Blanchard, Zucker, Cohen. Kettenis, Gooren, & Bailey, 1996), and with different ethnicities (Bogaert, 1998), but it has also been found to occur in clinical (e. g. , Bogaert et al. , 1997) and nonclinical (e. g. , Blanchard & Bogaert, 1996 b) samples. Recently, we have demonstrated that the birth order difference between homosexual and heterosexual men is primarily the result of homosexual men being born later among their brothers, relative to heterosexual men (Blanchard & Bogaert, 1996 a, 1996 b, 1997; Bogaert et al. , 1997). ”

Ray Blanchard (2017) Fraternal birth order, family size, and male homosexuality: Meta-analysis of studies spanning 25 years. Archives of Sexual Behavior 47(1). The fraternal birth order effect is the tendency for older brothers to increase the odds of homosexuality in later-born males. This study compared the strength of the effect in subjects from small versus large families and in homosexual subjects with masculine versus feminine gender identities. Meta-analyses were conducted on 30 homosexual and 30 heterosexual groups from 26 studies, totaling 7140 homosexual and 12, 837 heterosexual males. The magnitude of the fraternal birth order effect was measured with a novel variable, the Older Brothers Odds Ratio, computed as (homosexuals' older brothers ÷ homosexuals' other siblings) ÷ (heterosexuals' older brothers ÷ heterosexuals' other siblings), where other siblings = older sisters + younger brothers + younger sisters. An Older Brothers Odds Ratio of 1. 00 represents no effect of sexual orientation; values over 1. 00 are positive evidence for the fraternal birth order effect. Evidence for the reliability of the effect was consistent. The Older Brothers Odds Ratio was significantly >1. 00 in 20 instances, >1. 00 although not significantly in nine instances, and nonsignificantly <1. 00 in 1 instance. The pooled Older Brothers Odds Ratio for all samples was 1. 47, p <. 00001. Subgroups analyses showed that the magnitude of the effect was significantly greater in the 12 feminine or transgender homosexual groups than in the other 18 homosexual groups. There was no evidence that the magnitude of the effect differs according to family size.

למארק חי וקיים 1. Blanchard, R. , & Klassen, P. (1997) H-Y antigen and homosexuality in men. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 185: 373— 378. 2. Pollard, I. (1996) Preconceptual programming and sexual orientation: a hypothesis. Journal of theoretical biology, 179: 269— 273. האם ההשפעה של אחים זכרים על התפתחותו המינית של , ושוב ? האח הצעיר מסתיימת ברחם האם

הסביבה המשפחתית Frisch, M. and Hviid, A. (2006) Childhood family correlates of heterosexual and homosexual marriages: A national cohort study of two million Danes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35: 533– 547. Men who marry homosexually are more likely to have been raised in a family with unstable parental relationships -- particularly, absent or unknown fathers and divorced parents. Men who experienced parental death during childhood or adolescence "had significantly lower heterosexual marriage rates than peers whose parents were both alive on their 18 th birthday. The younger the age of the father's death, the lower was the likelihood of heterosexual marriage. " "The shorter the duration of parental marriage, the higher was the likelihood of homosexual marriage. . . homosexual marriage rates were 36% and 26% higher among men and women, respectively, who experienced parental divorce after less than six years of marriage, than among peers whose parents remained married for all 18 years of childhood and adolescence. " "Men whose parents divorced before their 6 th birthday were 39% more likely to marry homosexually than peers from intact parental marriages. " "Men whose cohabitation with both parents ended before age 18 years had significantly (55% -76%) higher rates of homosexual marriage than men who cohabited with both parents until 18 years. "

הסביבה המשפחתית כגורם ( בהתפתחות ההומוסקסואליות )המשך Lung, F. W. , & Shu, B. C. (2007). Father-son attachment and sexual partner orientation in Taiwan. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48: 20 -26. “In conclusion, the construct of sexual partner orientation set in early childhood has been demonstrated in this study. Paternal attachment and introverted and neurotic characteristics present major influencing factors in the development of homosexuals. In particular, the father-son relationship has a unique role in the process of becoming a male homosexual” (p. 25).

? גנטיקה – או אפיגנטיקה Michael Balter (2015) Can epigenetics explain homosexuality puzzle? Science 350, p. 148 A new study suggests that epigenetic effects—chemical modifications of the human genome that alter gene activity without changing the DNA sequence—may sometimes influence sexual orientation. Researchers studied methylation, the attachment of a methyl group to specific regions of DNA, in 37 pairs of male identical twins who were discordant—meaning that one was gay and the other straight—and 10 pairs who were both gay. Their search yielded five genome regions where the methylation pattern appears very closely linked to sexual orientation. A model that predicted sexual orientation based on these patterns was almost 70% accurate within this group—although that predictive ability does not necessarily apply to the general population.

גבולות האתיקה Gender reassignment surgery (GRS)

שיעורי השינוי בטיפול פסיכודינמי Jeffrey Satinover (1996) Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth (survey of reports prior to 1973) Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Author Method A. Freud Ovesey Schwartz et al. Mayerson et al. Bieber Ellis Ross et al. Monroe et al. Van den Aardweg Composite Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Number Treated 8 3 54 19 106 28 15 7 101 341 Success Rate 50% 100% 65% 47% 27% 64% 73% 57% 65% 52%

שיעורי השינוי בטיפול פסיכודינמי Elizabeth James, Treatment of Homosexuality: A Reanalysis and Synthesis of Outcome Studies (1978) (Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Brigham Young University) (on file with Brigham Young University Library). Approximately 35% of the homosexual clients “recovered” and 27% “improved. ” Mac. Intosh, H. (1994). Attitudes and experiences of psychoanalysts in analyzing homosexual patients. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 42(4): 1183 -1207. 23% analysts reported shift in sexual orientation.

שיעורי השינוי בטיפול פסיכודינמי Nicolosi, J. , Byrd, A. D. , & Potts, R. W. (2000): Retrospective self -report of changes in homosexual orientation: A consumer survey of conversion therapy clients. Psychological Reports, 86: 1071 -1088 67% exclusively homosexual dropped to 12. 8% – 54. 2% changed.

מחקרים על שיעורי השינוי Krueger, R. B. (2003). A positive view of Spitzer's research and an argument for further research. Part of "Peer Commentaries on Spitzer (2003)". Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5): 443 -444. Nicolosi, Joseph, Byrd, A. Dean & Potts, Richard W. (2002) Retrospective self-reports of changes in homosexual orientation: A consumer survey on conversion therapy clients. Psychological Reports, 86: 1071 -1088. Nicolosi, J. , Byrd, A. D. , & Potts, R. W. (2000): Retrospective self-report of changes in homosexual orientation: A consumer survey of conversion therapy clients. Psychological Reports, 86: 1071 -1088 Rosik, C. H. (2003). Motivational, ethical, and epistemological foundations in the clinical treatment of unwanted homoerotic attraction. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29: 13 -28. Satinover, J. (1996) Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth. Grand Rapids MI: Baker. Satinover, J. (2005) The Trojan couch: How the mental health guilds allow medical diagnostics, scientific research and jurisprudence to be subverted in lockstep with the political aims of their gay sub-components. National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality Conference Reports, http: //www. narth. com/docs/The. Trojan. Couch. Satinover. pdf Socarides, C. W. (1978). Homosexuality. New York: Jason Aronson. Throckmorton, W. (1998) Attempts to modify sexual orientation: A review of outcome literature and ethical issues. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 20: 283 -304. Yarhouse, M. A. , and Throckmorton, W. (2002) Ethical issues in attempts to ban reorientation therapies. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39/1: 66 -75.

מחקרים על שיעורי השינוי Karten, E. Y. , & Wade, J. C. (2010 ) Sexual orientation change efforts in men: A client perspective. The Journal of Men's Studies, 18: 84 -102. doctoral dissertation at Fordham University, New York, Psychological and social characteristics of 117 men dissatisfied with their samesex attraction, who had pursued sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE). Overall, clients experienced "a decrease in homosexual feelings and behavior, an increase in heterosexual feelings and behavior, and a positive change in psychological functioning. " Most significant factors correlating to successful change: 1. Reduced conflict in expressing nonsexual affection with other men, 2. being married, 3. feeling disconnected with men prior to treatment. Intrinsic religiosity and a heterosexual identity were related to reports of not changing one's sexual feelings and behavior. Participants perceived the most helpful sexual orientation change interventions to be a men's weekend/retreat, a psychologist, and a mentoring relationship, and the two most helpful techniques to be understanding better the causes one's homosexuality and one's emotional needs and issues and developing nonsexual relationships with same-sex peers, mentors, family members, and friends.

עקרונות הפסיכותרפיה הדינמית מקורות Volkan, V. D. , & Socarides, C. W. (1990). The Homosexualities: Reality, Fantasy, and the Arts. International Universities Press. Nicolosi, J. (1991) Reparative Therapy of Male Homosexuality. New Jersey: Jason Aronson. Berger, J. (1994) The psychotherapeutic treatment of male homosexuality. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 48, 2: 251 -261. Fitzgibbons, R. (1999) The origins and therapy of same-sex attraction disorder. In Wolfe, C. Homosexuality and American Public Life. Washington: Spense. 85 -97. Friedman, R. (1988) Male Homosexuality: A Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspective. New Haven: Yale U. Press. Hatterer, L. (1970) Changing Homosexuality in the Male. NY: Mc. Graw-Hill. Hockenberry, S. , Billingham, R. (1987) Sexual orientation and boyhood gender conformity: Development of the boyhood gender conformity scales (BGCS) Archives of Sexual Behavior. 16, 6: 475 - 492. Kaplan, E. (1967) Homosexuality: A search for the ego-ideal. Archives of General Psychology. 16: 355 - 358. Schwartz, M. , Masters, W. (1984) The Masters and Johnson treatment program for dissatisfied homosexual men. American Journal of Psychiatry. 141: 173 - 181.

עקרונות הפסיכותרפיה הגיי פרנדלי מקורות Chernin, J. N. & Johnson, M. R. (2003) Affirmative Psychotherapy and Counseling for Lesbians and Gay Men. New York: Sage Publications. Kort, J. (2007) Gay Affirmative Therapy for the Straight Clinician: The Essential Guide. New York: Was. Norton. http: //www. giditherapy. com/ : האתר של ד"ר גידי רובינשטיין