We all have something in common Something we

We all have something in common…

Something we are doing right now…

? What am I talking about?

Reading…

Clinical Question In children, does the use of pictures support literacy development? In children with developmental disabilities, does the use of pictures support learning to read new words?

a) cat b) cat c) cat

1 2

Results of Search Level of Evidence # Level I Systematic review 0 Level I Randomised control trials 0 Level III 0 Level IV 8 Sources ERIC Pubmed OVID CINAHL Web of Science

Fading Study Dorry and Zeaman 1975

Condition 1 Picture and word presented Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 2 Picture and word OR Word alone

car

OR

car

Condition 3 Picture and word presented

car

Condition 4 Picture alone OR Word alone

OR

car

Summary Dorry and Zeaman (1975) • • Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded Either word and picture OR word alone Printed word and picture Picture alone or word alone

Fading Study Tabe and Jackson 1989

Condition 1 Word embedded in picture (superimposed) Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 2 Word embedded in picture (superimposed) Picture non-fading

car

Condition 3 Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed) Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 4 Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed) Picture non-fading

car

Summary Tabe and Jackson (1989) • • Superimposed fading Superimposed non-fading Juxtaposition non-fading

Picture vs. Word Study Singh and Solman 1990

Condition A Picture + Picture enhanced

5 cm 2. 5 cm car

Condition B Word alone

2. 5 cm car

Condition C Word alone + Word enhanced

car

5 cm car 2. 5 cm

Condition D Word alone

5 cm car

Summary Singh and Solman (1990) • • Picture (1 st slide) and picture enhanced (2 nd slide) Word alone Word (1 st slide) and word enhanced (2 nd slide) Word alone enhanced

Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos 2000

Condition A - D Same as Singh and Solman (1990)

Condition E New condition Word alone and then…

car

2 seconds later

car

Summary Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos (2000) • • • Picture (1 st slide) and picture enhanced (2 nd slide) Word alone Word (1 st slide) and word enhanced (2 nd slide) Word alone enhanced Word alone then picture feedback

Didden, de Graaff, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni 2006

Condition 1 Word alone

car

Condition 2 Word embedded in picture

car

Condition 3 Faded with 4 steps

car

Summary Didden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni (2006) • Word alone • Word embedded in picture • Word and picture. Picture faded

Summary for Fading Studies • Dorry and Zeaman 1975 Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded. • Hoogeveen, Smeets and Lancioni 1989 Fading pictorial elements. • Tabe and Jackson 1989 Fading conditions (superimposed/juxtaposed)

Summary for Picture vs Word • Singh and Solman 1990 Word alone enhanced • Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos 2000 Word alone then picture feedback • Didden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni 2006 Word alone • Fossett and Mirenda 2006 Picture to text matching

Another interesting find…

차 Car.

집 A table and a bed next to a wall Furniture in a room. House.

Let’s try with Sight Words car

Make a handle… Cars go beep

What would this LOOK like? car

car

Clinical Question In children does the use of pictures support literacy development? No, presenting the WORD ALONE (i. e. without pictures) is more efficient when teaching children to read new words

a) cat b) cat c) cat

How might this effect clinical practice? - Advice to teachers - Information given to parents - Challenge current strategies used in the classroom and clinical practice