wdr 2018 Rafael de Hoyos rafadehoyos 2 Remaining

  • Slides: 27
Download presentation
#wdr 2018 Rafael de Hoyos @rafadehoyos

#wdr 2018 Rafael de Hoyos @rafadehoyos

2

2

Remaining inequities in access Percentage of youth (ages 15– 19) who have completed each

Remaining inequities in access Percentage of youth (ages 15– 19) who have completed each grade (2012)

Percent of end-of primary students who meet a minimum proficiency threshold for learning in

Percent of end-of primary students who meet a minimum proficiency threshold for learning in math? 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 High income countries Upper-middle income countries Lower-middle income Low income countries

High inequalities TERCE 2012 Proportions of students from the richest and poorest quintiles students

High inequalities TERCE 2012 Proportions of students from the richest and poorest quintiles students scoring at each level at the end-of. Primary

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Consequences of Learning Inequality in Latin America

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Consequences of Learning Inequality in Latin America

Net secondary completion rates in selected LAC countries

Net secondary completion rates in selected LAC countries

Income Dimension 35% There are 20 million Ninis in Latin America, one in five

Income Dimension 35% There are 20 million Ninis in Latin America, one in five youth (aged 15 to 24) 30% 30. 5% 28. 2% 25. 9% 60% of ninis 23. 2% 21. 2% 20% 18. 1% 14. 8% 15% 12. 0% 9. 4% 10% 6. 6% 5% 0% D 1 Source: de Hoyos, Rogers and Székely (2016) D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 Poorer D 7 D 8 D 9 D 10

1 percentage point in the share of ninis 15 to 20 years of age

1 percentage point in the share of ninis 15 to 20 years of age Source: de Hoyos, Rogers and Székely (2016) 7 percent in earnings 35 to 40 years of age

ENLACE 12 th Grade (2008, 2009, 2010) ENILEMS-ENOE survey (2010 III) Higher education, wages,

ENLACE 12 th Grade (2008, 2009, 2010) ENILEMS-ENOE survey (2010 III) Higher education, wages, employment (individuals aged 19, 20, 21) Source: de Hoyos, Estrada and Vargas (2018)

11% probability of entering university 1 SD in test scores in ENLACE 12 th

11% probability of entering university 1 SD in test scores in ENLACE 12 th grade 6% wages Source: de Hoyos, Estrada and Vargas (2018)

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Causes of Learning Inequality

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Causes of Learning Inequality

Immediate causes of the learning crisis

Immediate causes of the learning crisis

Skills Potential or normative benchmark Observed Students at risk Marginalized Households Grade 1 Grade

Skills Potential or normative benchmark Observed Students at risk Marginalized Households Grade 1 Grade 9 School Trajectory

Immediate causes of the learning crisis Non-deprived infant Infant exposed to high deprivation

Immediate causes of the learning crisis Non-deprived infant Infant exposed to high deprivation

Skills Potential or normative benchmark Observed Students at risk Marginalized Households Grade 1 Grade

Skills Potential or normative benchmark Observed Students at risk Marginalized Households Grade 1 Grade 9 Education systems uncappable of compensating School Trajectory

ENLACE Panel data with standardized test results for Mexico

ENLACE Panel data with standardized test results for Mexico

Share of students finishing each grade and getting minimum learning 100 90 94 80

Share of students finishing each grade and getting minimum learning 100 90 94 80 70 69 68 60 50 49 40 37 30 20 18 10 0 Grade 6 Grade 9 Very low marginalization Very high marginalization Grade 12

13% probability of finishing high school 1 SD in test scores in 6 th

13% probability of finishing high school 1 SD in test scores in 6 th grade 0. 7 SD in test scores Source: de Hoyos, Estrada and Vargas (2018)

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Role of Financing on Learning Inequality

Immediate causes of the learning crisis The Role of Financing on Learning Inequality

Spending should be allocated equitably Education expenditure as a share of GDP

Spending should be allocated equitably Education expenditure as a share of GDP

Spending should be allocated equitably

Spending should be allocated equitably

Spending should be allocated equitably Public expenditure in higher Education, by income decile

Spending should be allocated equitably Public expenditure in higher Education, by income decile

Immediate causes of the learning crisis Recommendations • Well targeted ECD programs, e. g.

Immediate causes of the learning crisis Recommendations • Well targeted ECD programs, e. g. Chile and Colombia • Per capita + progressive resource allocation formula • Create incentives to have the best teachers in the most marginalized schools • Personalized instruction, e. g. ICT to “teach at the right level”

#wdr 2018 Rafael de Hoyos @rafadehoyos

#wdr 2018 Rafael de Hoyos @rafadehoyos