WCAs 11 th Annual International Symposium Business Expo

WCA’s 11 th Annual International Symposium & Business Expo San Jose, CA, Jan. 12 -14, 2005 Advanced Broadband Wireless Standards from ETSI and Co-operation with Wi. MAX Prof. Dr. Bernd Friedrichs - Marconi Communications, Germany - ETSI BRAN Chairman © 2001 Marconi Communications Gmb. H. All rights reserved

Overview • ETSI BRAN structure • Status of BRAN Hiper. Access and Hiper. MAN • Details of Hiper. Access Technology • Relations to standardization bodies and forums • Co-operation ETSI - Wi. MAX Forum • Conclusions Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 1

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute • ~700 member companies from 55 contries in 5 continents • ~11, 000 technical standards and deliverables since 1988 • ~60 co-operation agreements • Market driven organization members decide about work program and resource allocation • Established in 1988, as non-profit making organization, based in Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cote d‘Azur (France) • www. etsi. org Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 2

ETSI Working Methods Decision Making • Members shall endeavour to reach consensus on all issues. • If lack of consensus: voting can be performed using individual member company weights (1. . . 45 depending on company revenues, one vote per company, approval requires 71%) Open Standardization Process • Each ETSI member can actively or passively participate (incl. voting). • All documents and standards are always freely accessible. IPR Policy • Each ETSI member has the obligation to inform about Essential IPRs it becomes aware of. • IPR owners shall grant irrevocable licenses on FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) terms and conditions. Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 3

Global Wireless Standards IEEE 802 ETSI WAN Wi. MAX* Wi. Fi* IEEE 802. 16 Wireless. MAN IEEE 802. 11 Wireless. LAN IEEE 802. 15 Bluetooth UMTS, EDGE (GSM) MAN Hiper. MAN & Hiper. Access LAN Hiper. LAN/2 RLAN PAN ETSI BRAN *) Industry fora for promotion and certfication Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 4

BRAN Structure ETSI BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Networks) Chairman: Bernd Friedrichs (Marconi) Hiper. Lan/2 Hiper. Access Hiper. Man (High Performance LAN) (High Performance Access) (High Performance MAN) Wireless LAN at 5 GHz, connection-based, OFDM, 54 Mbps, Qo. S Fixed broadband wireless PMP system above 11 GHz, single carrier, 120 Mbps Fixed broadband wireless PMP system below 11 GHz, OFDM, IP-optimized PHY PHY DLC DLC CL CL Profiles etc. Testing MIB Testing Regulatory Competence Group Spectrum regulatory issues, Harmonized Standards Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 5

BRAN Status Transition to TC (Technical Commitee) in 2004 To. R (Terms of Reference) § BRAN is responsible for all broadband radio (access) systems § Several vertical groups for technology-dependent activities § Regulatory competence concentrated in horizontal RCWG - to develop Harmonised Standards covering essential requirements under article 3. 2 of the R&TTE directive, - to assist regulatory bodies to define spectrum requirements and radio conformance specifications for new broadband radio networks Extensions under discussion § Non-interoperable systems (i. e. proprietary, coexistence specs) § Transport systems (e. g. classical Point-to-Point hops) § Higher layers including network aspects (e. g. IRAP = International Roaming Access Protocols (Wi. Fi)) § Other (e. g. WIGWAM = Wireless Gigabit (RLAN) with Advanced Multimedia Support) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 6

BRAN Characteristics (1 of 5) General ETSI Experience § GSM, DECT, 3 G, Tetra, etc. § The working methods and approaches have given very good results in terms of interoperability § 3 G considers the test specs „very good value for money“ Base standards (for air interface) § PHY and DLC layers independet of core network § Convergence sublayers for packet- and cell-based core networks Base standards (for network) § The successful deployment of large-scale portable or mobile networks requires also the development of interfaces and protocols above the scope of the air interface § Work already started on MIB and management Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 7

BRAN Characteristics (2 of 5) Testing Test specifications § Normative part of standard § Controlled in the open forum in the same way as the base specs § Actual testing and certification is left to industry and their associations Test methods § Good results from using advanced spec methods and languages § For the first time, virtual protocol testing (UDP/IP based, via API) was used, showing the capability to detect and resolve potential problems in implementations before the HW becomes available Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 8

BRAN Characteristics (3 of 5) STFs Testing organization § Work is progressed through STF (Special Task Force) § STF funded by ETSI, operating under the guidance of BRAN § Supported by PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) BRAN STF § All BRAN conformance test specifications were produced in STFs § More than 70 documents were published in the last two years § About $ 2, 000 funding was spent for BRAN STFs § About $ 520, 000 total cost were spent for Hiper. MAN / Wi. MAX Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 9

BRAN Characteristics (4 of 5) Testing - Comparison of Approaches Interoperability testing = Two implementations trying to interwork l Can test only normal behaviour l Can test exceptional behaviour only by chance Golden unit testing = An implementation that is somehow representing a standard trying to interwork with an implementation under test Conformance testing = A test tool evaluating an implementation under test l Can test both normal and exceptional behaviour l Can repeat the specific test any time and any number of times (following corrections for example) ETSI has achieved good results using a combination of conformance testing followed by some level of interoperability testing Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 10

BRAN Characteristics (5 of 5) Standards for Base and Test Specifications Basic protocol standard development • • Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN. 1) message structure specification, ITU-T X. 680 Packed encoding rules (PER) for transfer encoding, ITU-T X. 691 Message Sequence Charts (MSC) for message flow description, ITU-T Z. 120, Specification and Description Language (SDL) specification, ITU-T Z. 100 - SDL models used to precisely define the protocol behaviour. - Simulations and validations to early remove ambiguities and erroneous protocol behaviour. Protocol test specifications • • • PICS TSS & TP ATS (ITU-T X. 291. . . 296, ISO/IEC 9646) Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement Test Suite Structure and Test Purposes Abstract Test Suite (TTCN) - Significant effort was spent (30 man month of funded expert work plus voluntary contribution by member companies and ETSI PTCC work) Radio test specifications • • RCT EN Radio Conformance Test Harmonized Standard (European Norm), covering the essential requirements of article 3. 2 of the EC R&TTE Directives Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 11

BRAN Hiper. Access (1 of 4) Overview Main applications l Cellular backhauling l SOHO, SME l Typically too expensive for residential access / WLL / LMDS ETSI BRAN developed protocol stack and radio specifications Optimized for ATM and Ethernet Strong points l Suitable for immediate deployment in GSM and UMTS networks l Technical quality – – l Precision of specification Well controlled optional features Absence of ambiguities Test specifications with ETSI strength (MBS 2) High spectral efficieny, high Qo. S, high reliability Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 12

BRAN Hiper. Access (2 of 4) Set of Specifications in total ~2000 pages Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 13

BRAN Hiper. Access (3 of 4) Basic Features PHY Layer Focus on frequency bands • 40. 5 - 43. 5 GHz • 31. 8 - 33. 4 GHz • 27. 5 - 29. 5 GHz • 24. 5 - 26. 5 GHz • other lower frequencies Channel size = 28 MHz, Baudrate = 22. 4 MBaud • Paired bands (FDD mode, fixed asymmetric rates) • Unpaired bands (TDD mode, adaptive asymmetric rates) • Optimum trade-off between costs, peak data rate and statistical multiplex gain Important parameters Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 14

BRAN Hiper. Access (4 of 4) Achievements and Plans High stability of base and test specifications achieved l Only minor corrections expected in 2005 l Further harmonization with IEEE 802. 16 -Wireless. MAN-SC Commercial roll-out l First BRAN-compliant product was rolled-out in December 2004 (Point-to-Point derivative of HA) l Full Hiper. Access-compliant products will be available in 2005 l High interest from numerous operators Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 15

Time Division Multiplex (TDM) in Downlink, Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) in Uplink TDM downlink AT 1 TDMA uplink AT 1 2 3 AT 2 1 5 AP AT n 4 1 2 3 4 5 t Further important properties of downlink and uplink Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE AT 2 . . AP MAC MAC PDU PDU 16 AT n

from data interface Transceiver Chain Operation on groups of MAC PDUs corresponding to RS CWs, UL only ARQ TX buffer Operation on complete frame except Only payload preamble(s), of unicast initiated MAC data PDUs per frame is encrypted Encryption Scrambling Up to four MAC PDUs per RS CW Outer RS Encoder Including trellis One preamble termination for one or for each RS CW, several FEC only present for blocks some PHY modes Inner Convol. Encoder Preambles with QPSK Insert Preamble Modulation Burst Request for ARQ retransmission MAC PDU RS codeword FEC block Symbol Radio link stream (physical (cont. in DL, bursty in UL) channel) to data interface RS error detection flag for ARQ Burst ARQ RX buffer Decryption Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Descrambler Outer RS Decoder Inner Convol. Decoder Remove Preamble, Equalizer 17 De. Modulation

PHY Modes (1 of 9) Definition, Robustness vs. Efficiency Infobits Codebits RSencoder Convol. encoder Symbols Modulat or (2 M-ary) Waveforms Pulse shapi ng PHY mode defined by - concatenated coding and - modulation (where „PHY“ refers to the physical layer of OSI model) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 18

Frame Structure Overview Frame Preamble TDM zone Control zone (PHY mode # 0) Broadcast Frame Info PHY mode #1 region Downlink map ARQ map PHY mode #2 region Uplink map PHY mode #3 region Downlink frame PHY mode #4 Frame padding region Control zone enlarged Uplink frame to frame # (N-2) frame offset Invited ranging bursts Bandwidth request contention window Granted UL burst Order of ranging burst and contention window is just an example Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 19 Granted UL burst

PHY Modes (3 of 9) DL Frame with Concatenated Coding Remarks: • ATM cells and DLC messages are aligned to PDUs, IP packets are segmented to PDUs • PDUs are aligned to RS blocks • Block structure preserved by terminated convolutional coding • Code blocks are aligned to symbols and regions (DL) and bursts (UL) • Advantages: error detection and ARQ Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 20

PHY Modes (4 of 9) Maximum Range per Mode Maximum d, PTx and pavailability are related as >1 I is time-variant mainly dependent on Lrain is time-variant Stand-alone cells (without interference from adjacent cells, without DL ATPC) Rain fading Clear sky Mode 4 Mode 3 Mode 2 Mode 1 Link loss Cell radius Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 21

Adaptive Operation Adaptation according to • d = distance (fixed) • I = interference (slow in DL, fast in UL) • N = noise (representing link budget C/N) • Lrain = rain fading (fast, 20 d. B/s) Mechanisms • PHY mode change per terminal • PHY mode change per frame • combined with ATPC (Adaptive Transmit Power Control) Control loop • decided centrally by AP • based on • measurement reports from AT • received signal in AP • commanded as • announcement in DL map for DL, • granted per UL map for UL Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 22

Radio Link Model (6 of 8) Free-Space Pathloss and Rain Fading Lfree = Pathloss Hz G 2 4 Hz G 32 Hz G 26 z 4 H 2 G Hz G 2 3 Hz 26 G Lrain=Rain fading Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 23

PHY Modes (5 of 9) Throughput, Range vs. Availability @ 28 GHz 6. 5 km @ 99. 9% Clear sky 99 % 99. 999 % Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 99. 99 % 99. 9 % 24

Interference in Downlink and Uplink DL worst sector UL worst sector (C/I)min = 20*log(5) = 14. 0 d. B Interference degradation typically depends on direction • a sector may have poor properties for DL but good properties for UL • interference is time-invariant for DL and time-variant for UL Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 25

C/(N+I) Pattern for 5 x 5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, Clear. Sky, Re. Use. Factor=4) worst sector enlarged Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 26

C/(N+I)~C/N Pattern for 5 x 5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, Rain. Fading, Re. Use. Factor=4) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 27

CDFs for 5 x 5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, Clear. Sky, Re. Use. Factor=4) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 28

Marconi’s Radio Network Planning Tool (Realistic Constellation with 142 Sectors) Input: Base station sites Coverage Traffic load Output: Sectorization Carrier frequencies (2) Polarization (coloured) Interference critical zone = 1. 4% of coverage (blue) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 29

Detailed Layer Structure ATM cells (53 byte) CL Cell-based CL Security control DLC IP packets (variable length) Radio link control Initialization control Packet-based CL 51 byte DLC SDU (fixed length) Connection control Traffic data connections MAC management connections ASN 1 coding ARQ sublayer (UL) SAR sublayer MAC sublayer 54. . . 55 byte PDU PHY Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Encryption Scrambling Reed-Solomon Encoding Convolutional Encoding Modulation Decryption Descrambling Reed-Solomon Decoding Convolutional Decoding Demodulation Radio channel (above 11 GHz) 30

Realization of high Multiplex Gain requires efficient and fast Bandwidth Allocation Schemes Frequency planning (Blocking of PHY modes) AT 1 Downlink scheduler (for carrier) CAC Uplink scheduler (for carrier) CAC = connection admission control Downlink allocation (central in AP) via DL map (no action from AT) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Uplink scheduler (use of grants) . . . AP AT n Uplink scheduler (use of grants) Uplink allocation (distributed, mainly in AP) Requests per connection aggregate (various mechanisms) Grants per terminal via UL map 31

Example of ASN. 1 Base Specification Phy. Mode. Set. Descriptor : : = SEQUENCE { psdi Psdi, downlink. Phy. Thresholds. List, uplink. Power. Mod. Change. List. Non. Tc Uplink. Power. Mod. Change. List, uplink. Power. Mod. Change. List. Tc Uplink. Power. Mod. Change. List } ----- Psdi : : = INTEGER {phy. Mode. Set 1 (1), phy. Mode. Set 2 (2)} (0. . 15) -- 4 bit Phy. Thresholds. List 4 bit variable : : = SEQUENCE (SIZE(2. . 7)) OF Phy. Threshold. Pair Uplink. Power. Mod. Change. List : : = SEQUENCE (SIZE(1. . 6)) OF Uplink. Power. Mod. Change. Pair Phy. Threshold. Pair up. Threshold down. Threshold } : : = SEQUENCE { Cnr. Threshold, Cnr. Threshold -- channel quality increase -- channel quality decrease Uplink. Power. Mod. Change. Pair : : = SEQUENCE { up. Power. Mod. Change Uplink. Power. Mod. Change, down. Power. Mod. Change Uplink. Power. Mod. Change } Cnr. Threshold -- channel quality increase -- channel quality decrease : : = INTEGER(0. . 255) -- 8 bit, granu=0. 25 d. B, range=[4, 40]d. B, absolute Uplink. Power. Mod. Change Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE : : = INTEGER(0. . 32) -- 6 bit, granu=0. 5 d. B, range=[ -8, +8]d. B 32

BRAN Hiper. MAN (1 of 2) Overview Main applications l First release: FWA below 11 GHz l Residential (self installation), SOHO, SME (wireless DSL) l Mesh radio networks (radio based routers) Features (100% selected by Wi. MAX Forum) l Optimized for IP traffic, full Qo. S support l Both FDD and TDD, including H-FDD CPE l High spectral efficiency and data rates, up to 25 Mbit/s in 7 MHz l Adaptive modulation (from QPSK to 64 -QAM) l Interoperability profiles for 1. 75 MHz, 3. 5 MHz and 7 MHz l Uplink OFDMA (high cell radius possible, up to 50 km in PMP with directive antenna) l Hooks for advanced antenna systems l High security TEK encryption algorithms Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 33

BRAN Hiper. MAN (2 of 2) Technical Specifications Standards (published in 2004) l ETSI TS 102 177 PHY layer l ETSI TS 102 178 DLC layer l ETSI TS 102 210 System profiles Functional Requirements l ETSI TR 101 856 System Reference Documents l ETSI TR 102 079 for the band 5. 725 GHz to 5. 875 GHz Drafting activity l MIBs for Network Management l Test standards (PICS, TSS&TP finished in 2004, ATS) l Support for nomadic systems l etc. Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 34

BRAN RCWG Regulatory Competence Working Group 5 GHz Harmonized EN (RLAN) l To be used for European type approval in < 5. 725 GHz l ETSI EN 301 893 v 1. 2. 3 - 5 GHz high performance RLAN; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3. 2 of the R&TTE Directive 5. 8 GHz Harmonized EN (FWA) l To be used for European type approval in 5. 725 - 5. 975 GHz System Reference Document (Hiper. MAN) l Fixed - nomadic convergence of BWA systems l To be used by ECC for more spectrum allocation Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 35

BRAN Relationship with Other Bodies and Forums ETSI OCG ETSI TM 4 ETSI ERM Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 36

Relation BRAN - ITU Draft ITU-R Recommendation on Radio Interface Specifications (Requirements and Standards) l BRAN and IEEE 802. 16 provide harmonized inputs ITU-D Report on Broadband Technologies (ITU-D Q 20/2) l BRAN provided input ITU-APT Seminar on BWA (Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004) l Presentations from BRAN Vice-Chair Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 37

Relation BRAN - IEEE 802. x (1 of 4) Overview IEEE 802 ETSI BRAN Remark 802. 11 a Hiper. LAN 2 same PHY layer Wi. Fi H 2 GF 802. 16 (10 -66 GHz) Hiper. Access 802. 16 (<11 GHz) Hiper. MAN WLAN promotion: WMAN promotion: (16 e mobile extension) (fixed or nomadic operation) Wi. MAX Forum WPAN 802. 15 currently no activities MBWA 802. 20 mobile extension for HM tbd. Roaming 802. 21 currently no activities Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE same PHY layer (except one FEC detail), further harmonization intended (TC layer, protocol stack) Base spec: HM harmonized with IEEE Test spec: Norm. ref. in IEEE to HM PICS and TSS&TP formal co-operation agreement expected soon 38

Relation BRAN - IEEE 802. 16 (2 of 4) Mutual Influence Hiper. MAN - IEEE sub 11 GHz Source: Mariana Goldhamer, ITU-APT Seminar on BWA, Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004 Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 39

Relation BRAN - IEEE 802. 16 (3 of 4) Coding Scheme ETSI BRAN Hiper. Access IEEE 802. 16 Wireless. MAN-SC Why different FEC schemes? Same FEC scheme ETSI BRAN Hiper. MAN Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE IEEE 802. 16 Wireless. MAN-OFDM 40

Relation BRAN - IEEE 802. 16 (4 of 4) MAC Layer ETSI BRAN Hiper. Access MAC optimized for backhauling ETSI BRAN Hiper. MAN Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE IEEE 802. 16 Wireless. MAN-SC Same generic MAC layer IEEE 802. 16 Wireless. MAN-OFDM 41

Co-operation ETSI - Wi. MAX (1 of 3) The Agreement ETSI and Wi. MAX Forum have a common interest l l to perform and promote standardization with the aim of a global information infrastructure in avoiding duplication of technical work ETSI and Wi. MAX Forum co-operate for testing and certification l to develop conformance test specifications l to validate the test suite Status of Agreement l Details of agreement almost agreed (some legal issues to be fixed) l Signature expected soon l Technical experts are already working on this basis since mid 2004 Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 42

Co-operation ETSI - Wi. MAX (2 of 3) Details Wi. MAX Forum l set up the certification scheme to assure interoperability of devices l control all aspects of certification ETSI l is harmonizing and developing Hiper. MAN test specifications (PICS, TSS&TP, ATS) that could be used for certification l offers unique resouces – TC MTS (Methods for Testing and Specification) – ETSI PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) – ETSI Plugtest Service has proven expertise in testing matters and has proven track record of working with industry fora like Wi. MAX Conformance and interoperability testing l Both complement each other l For best probability of interoperability between products - do both! l Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 43

Co-operation ETSI - Wi. MAX (3 of 3) Conformance Testing Process (ISO 9646 Scheme) Product Test System testing Implementation Under Test logging and analysis Executable Test Suite Test Report (e. g. , C++) Industry implementation validation compilation Base Standard Req. checklist Test Purposes Test Suite (Test Cases) (or Profile) PICS TSS & TP ATS Continuous interaction between all partners is essential for the process (Wi. MAX, BRAN, PTCC, STF, test house, test tool vendors, manufacturers) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 44

Conclusions Wireless industry needs global standards ETSI BRAN supports all harmonization efforts with other parallel standardization bodies Co-operation BRAN - IEEE 802. 16 shows l what can be achieved l how standard bodies can contribute to each other Co-operation BRAN - Wi. MAX Forum l Important signal to the market l ETSI benefits from Wi. MAX marketing and certification strength l Wi. MAX Forum benefits from ETSI experience and work approach ETSI has access to regulatory bodies Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 45

For more information. . . • http: //portal. etsi. org/bran (ETSI portal) • http: //www. etsi. org/ptcc (ETSI PTCC and testing issues) • bernd. friedrichs@marconi. com (BRAN Chairman) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE 46