Wateruse data management at the USGS information model

Water-use data management at the USGS: information model, implementations, prospects of wateruse science Presentation to OGC TC Silver Spring, MD 15 June 2010

Overview • USGS roles in collection and dissemination of water information • Overview of current USGS water-use activities • Stream. Stats and water use • USGS water-use databases and their structures

Acknowledgments • • • Todd Augenstein Eric Evenson Marilee Horn Betzaida Reyes Kernell Ries Steve Tessler

Water Resources Discipline • The WRD mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the Nation's water resources. • We are a workforce of 3, 400 people located in all States and Territories at 181 offices, working with about 1, 500 State and local agency cooperators.

National Water Information System (NWIS) Sitefile ADAPS • • GWSI QW SWUDS ADAPS Automated Data Processing System QW Water Quality System GWSI Groundwater Site Inventory System SWUDS Site Specific Water-Use Data System

Map of real-time streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the day of the year (United States)

OGC Hydrology and Hydrogeology Interoperability Experiment • Objectives – Advance design of Water. ML 2. 0 schema – Advance fit of OGC services with gw data – Advance GW data exchange between US and Canada • Specifically involved – GWSI in the GW interop experiment (IE); will involve ADAPS in the SW IE – QWDATA has been represented via the water quality data exchange standard that may inform a Water. ML 2. 0 encoding for QW

USGS Water-Use Databases • SWUDS • • Stores information on sites where water-use activities occur Connects water movement from site to site Stores measurements and estimates of water use activities Stores ancillary data such as population served, power generation, acres irrigated • SWUDS Data Warehouse • Optimized for retrieval, data aggregation, and reporting • AWUDS • Data aggregated by county, hydrologic unit, and aquifer • Compiled for “Estimated Use of Water in the United States”

USGS Water-Use Activities • 5 -Year compilations (National Water-Use Information Program) 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

USGS Water Use Activities • Water. SMART (Sustain and Manage America’s Resources for Tomorrow) –> National Water Census – With dwindling water supplies, lengthening droughts, and rising demand for water in many areas of the country, a sustainable water strategy for America’s water resources is one of my highest priorities. We must ensure stable, secure water supplies for future generations. Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior February 1, 2010

Water Use Science Vision • Analyze disparate databases to improve water -use estimation. • Develop regression models over a variety of landscapes. • Accurately estimate consumptive use. • Map interbasin transfers of water down to the HUC 8 level.

Water Use Science Vision (cont. ) • Quantify in-stream flow for ecology, navigation, and recreation. • Integrate water use information with stream flow and groundwater information. • Track human usage of water – source, transport, treatment, demand, consumption, collection, return flow. 12

Enhancing the Nation’s Water. Use Information Use New Methods to Estimate Water -Use • Stratified Random Sampling Develop models of • Regression Models water use based on land use Ability to track water from point of withdrawal thru to return of flow.

Demand & Consumptive Use Pumping Station Dam Major user Intake Wellfield Withdrawal Surface Water body Withdrawal Water Treatment Plant River Main Supply Line Distribution & Sewer System Return Flow ch Dis ipe e. P arg Water Tower Septic Return Flow Interconnection Transfer Delivery Demand & Consumptive Use Release Major users Main Sewer Line Wells and water-treatment plants 2 ND Distribution and Sewer System Water Tower Wastewater Treatment Plant Transfer Main Sewer Line Schematic of human use of water Pumping Station

The logical basis for our water-use data schema can be thought of as a “link-node” system. (Tessler and others) Sources 1 S 1 Distribution Qd D 1 Demand Qd M 1 Collection Qd C 1 Return Qd R 1 Qd CU S 1 2 D 1 S 1 D 2 M 1 C 1 R 1 M 2 C 2 R 2 M 3 Qd C 3 R 3

BRAC Study Area PA MD • MD BRAC Study area: DE VA -Cecil County -Harford County (HF) -Baltimore County -Howard County -Anne Arundel County (AA) -Montgomery County -Prince George County -Baltimore City

A Few Facts About Our Maryland BRAC Work • Integrated Facility Data from Disparate Databases • • • 575 WAP_ID Permits 198 PWSID Permits 152 NPDES_ID Permits 799 State Well_ID Permits 1001 wells, 210 intakes, 61 discharge pipes, sources • Took approximately 1000 man-hours • Transformed reported withdrawals from permits as far back as 1980 to withdrawal from wells (aquifers) and intakes (surface-water bodies) • Domestic Demand Regression Model

Domestic Demand Model Ch e sa pe ak e. B ay HF AA • Based on over 90, 000 domestic water meter readings • QA/QC • Associated with census blocks • Computed Domestic Water Demand Coefficients by block • (+)median house value of owneroccupied single family homes • (-)population per housing unit • (-)median year of housing construction (with 1900 as the base value) • (-)housing unit density.

Per capita Annual Water Demand Estimations

Distribution Collection

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What is Stream. Stats? • A map-based Web application that provides information that can be used by engineers, managers, planners, and others to make informed decisions on water-related activities • Primary product is streamflow statistics, such as 100 -year flood, mean flow, 7 -day, 10 -year low flow, etc. • Allows analysis of upstream/downstream relations along streams and water use

Implementation Status • 21 states fully implemented • 4 states partly implemented • 9 states in implementation process

Output Water-Use Stream Stats Linkage Stream. Stats Web service request SWUDS Water-Use Database (UNIX/ Ingres) Imported Snapshot Arc. Hydro Geodatabase XML Wateruse data sent

Components of an Ideal Water-Use Database System 1. Conveyance-based data storage in a relational database relational data meet a predetermined level of completeness and quality 2. Incorporates differing geometries for partitioning of water quantities points of use, distribution/collection areas, land applications, etc. 3. Ontology for handling naming variations 4. Detailed associations of Sites with hydrologic Resource features

Components of an Ideal Water-Use Data System (cont. ) 6. Store related Quantities that result from the use of water Acres irrigated, kilowatts generated, population served Quantity Conveyed Acres Irrigated 7. 8. 9. 10. Bushels per Water Q Out of basin transfer Ability to incorporate or associate with Regulatory and Permit data Blue Water/Green Water Components Spatial (GIS) Component & Common Languages What Else?

Things To Do • Test various water-use data model(s) • Handle water-use data as described today plus other kinds that we have yet to discover and define • Differing locales will undoubtedly have unique challenges • Extend/Create Feature Models that are Water. ML 2. 0 compliant to handle water-use data • Populate more water-use databases for use case testing • How will Australian and U. S. data needs be similar or different? • Scale differences • Create UI tools that help water managers access and analyze wateruse data • Collaborate - collaboration will be a key part of a successful step forward • Can we use the OGC as a mechanism to bring interested and talented parties together on this task?

Thanks for your time! Mark Nardi mrnardi@usgs. gov