Waterfall Formation 1 What is a drainage basin

Waterfall Formation 1. What is a drainage basin? 2. What is a rivers course? 3. Which type of erosion occurs when the force of the water breaks rocks away? 4. Why does deposition occur? 5. Why does a river become brown when in flood?

Waterfall Formation 1. A drainage basin is an area of land drained by a river. 2. A rivers course is the journey of a river from source to mouth. 3. The force of water breaking rocks away is known as Hydraulic Action. 4. Deposition occurs because a river will drop its load when it has less energy. 5. A river is brown when in flood because it is transporting a lot of load (mud) in suspension.

Direct Vocabulary Instruction Resistant Resistance is a measure of how well rocks resist erosion. It is mostly based on hardness and chemical reactivity. The harder the rock and the less reactive it is the more resistant it is to erosion. Waterfalls are often formed where more resistant rock lies on top of less resistant rock.

Waterfall Formation Learning aim: To be able to use a wide range of geographical vocabulary ‘so that’ I can explain the formation of waterfalls accurately. Success criteria: I can accurately describe the course of the River Tees. I can explain the stages in the formation of a waterfall and gorge. I can successfully answer a 6 mark question about waterfall features using the PEE structure.

Describing the course of the River Tees 1. Describe the course of the River Tees from source to mouth? Include: Direction and Places. Stretch Task Identify one feature of the upper course and one feature of the lower course seen on the map.

The Upper Course of the River Tees In the upper course of a river the land is steep and a river is small. Here, most of the features found along the rivers course are created by weathering and erosion. https: //www. y outube. com/w atch? v=Ny 44 1 Mk. Gan 8 Watch the video from 2: 00 – 8: 00 2. Describe the moorlandscape near the source of the River Tees. 3. What is the annual rainfall here? 4. How does a stream form? 5. What is the shape of the rivers valley? 6. What is the purpose of the reservoir located in the upper course of the River Tees?

Features of High Force waterfall – upper course https: //www. y outube. com/w atch? v=Ny 44 1 Mk. Gan 8 Answer these questions Watch the video from 8: 00 – 12: 00 7. What does rock resistance mean? 8. What is the name of the resistant rock at the top of the waterfall? 9. What will happen to the position of the waterfall over time? 10. What feature forms as a waterfall retreat?

The Formation of a Waterfall. Quick Knowledge Questions: A) B) C) D) Which rock erodes first? How is a plunge pool created? Why does the overhang collapse? How is a gorge created? Note: Listen to my explanations and use the information to help you prepare for the following exam practise question.

Exam Practise: Describe and explain how river processes created the river features shown in the resource [6 marks]. Waterfall Hydraulic action Gorge Plunge pool Abrasion Point Evidence Explain Key words to include More resistant Less resistant Plunge pool Hydraulic action Abrasion Overhang Retreats Gorge Whinstone Choose 3 features (yellow) and explain their formation. Where possible include a named type of erosion (pink) at work.

The course of the river. 1. The source of the River _________ is on Cross Fell in the Pennines which is 893 m in height. The river then flows _____ east passing the famous _______________ waterfall. The relief becomes less ________. After Darlington the river begins to __________ on its wide floodplain and the relief is now _________. At Yarm the river turns and begins to flow _______ east. The estuary of the River Tees is north of ________________ and leads into the __________ sea. Stretch: One feature of the upper course of the river is High Force __________. One feature of the lower course seen on the map is _____________. The upper course of the River Tees. 2. The moorland near the source of the River Tees is _________________________. 3. The annual rainfall here is ______m. 4. A stream forms because ________________________________________________ 5. The shape of the rivers valley is _____ shaped. 6. The purpose of the reservoir located in the upper course of the River Tees is _________________________________________________ Features of High Force waterfall – upper course. 7. Rock resistance means ____________________________________ 8. The name of the resistant rock at the top of the waterfall is __________________. 9. Over time the position of the waterfall will _______________________. 10. The feature that forms as the waterfall retreats is known as ___________________. Exam Practise: Describe and explain how river processes created the river features shown in the resource [6 marks]. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

The course of the river. 1. The source of the River Tees is on Cross Fell in the Pennines which is 893 m in height. The river then flows south east passing the famous High Force waterfall. The relief becomes less steep. After Darlington the river begins to meander on its wide floodplain and the relief is now flatter. At Yarm the river turns and begins to flow north east. The estuary of the River Tees is north of Middlesbrough and leads into the north sea. Stretch: One feature of the upper course of the river is High Force waterfall. One feature of the lower course seen on the map is meanders. Features of High Force waterfall – upper course. 7. Rock resistance means how hard and reactive a rock is to erosion and weathering. 8. The name of the resistant rock at the top of the waterfall is whinstone. 9. Over time the position of the waterfall will change; it will retreat (move backwards) upstream. 10. The feature that forms as the waterfall retreats is known as a gorge. The upper course of the River Tees. 2. The moorland near the source of the River Tees is desolate; a big soggy mass. Damp, gloomy, boggy, very wet, muddy and often cold. Located in Cumbria; northeast England. 3. The annual rainfall here is 1200 m. 4. A stream forms because The moorland acts like a sponge and once it is fully saturated it cannot hold water any longer. Surface runoff begins to occur as a network of trickled rivulets until they combine to become a stream. 5. The shape of the rivers valley is V shaped. 6. The purpose of the reservoir located in the upper course of the River Tees is to store water for urban areas and industries further downstream where rainfall levels are lower and water can often be scarce. In the image I can see High Force waterfall. It is located in the north-east of England in the upper course of the River Tees. The waterfall has formed here because there is a layer of resistant rock (whinstone) on top of layers of less resistant rock (carboniferous limestone and sandstone). The less resistant rocks erode faster due to hydraulic action (the force of the water) as the water falls at high velocity from 71 ft. Abrasion also works to smooth the bed and the banks so that over time less resistant rock is eroded away to create a large step in the river channel. At the base of the waterfall there is a plunge pool. This has been created by the same erosional processes undercutting the soft rock at the base. This creates an overhang. Eventually, the overhang will collapse into the plunge pool as its weight is no longer supported after continual erosion of the less resistant rocks. Over time this continues and the waterfall retreats upstream leaving a steep sided gorge 700 m long. Exam Practise: Describe and explain how river processes created the river features shown in the resource [6 marks].