WATER WE NEED WATER TO PERFORM LIFES MOST

WATER • WE NEED WATER TO PERFORM LIFE’S MOST BASIC FUNCTIONS • WATER IS EVERYTHING • STUDENT 1: “WATER ISN’T EVERYTHING, LIKE THERE’S NO WATER IN THAT COUCH!” • STUDENT 2: “DUDE, DO YOU KNOW HOW MUCH WATER WENT INTO MAKING THAT COUCH? !” • WATER EFFECTS EVERYTHING • EDUCATION • ECONOMY • HEALTH • WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN 3 RD WORLD COUNTRIES

HOW WE HAVE BEEN TAUGHT TO CONSERVE WATER • TURN OFF THE TAP WHILE BRUSHING OUR TEETH • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=GGTPOEGL 7 TA • SHORTER SHOWERS • FULL LOADS OF DISHES/LAUNDRY • WHAT DO YOU DO? • MS. KNOWLES’ EFFORTS

HOW MUCH WATER DO YOU USE EVERYDAY?

WATER CRISIS AROUND THE WORLD • LESS THAN 2% OF THE EARTH’S WATER IS DRINKABLE • ACTIVITY: BOTTLE DEMONSTRATION • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=TRTA 0 OINBE 8&FEATURE=RELMFU • HTTP: //WATER. ORG/# • HOW DO ORGANIZATIONS LIKE CHARITY: WATER TRY TO HELP? • DO THEY JUST GIVE WATER? • WHAT ELSE DO THEY DO?

A QUOTE FROM A STUDENT LAST YEAR: “YOU CAN’T SAVE THEM ALL” MAYBE NOT… BUT DOES THAT MEAN YOU DON’T HELP AT ALL?

“I’M JUST ONE PERSON I CAN’T REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD” • HTTP: //WWW. CHARITYWATER. ORG/MEDIA/VIDEOS/

THE WATER CRISIS • ABOUT 97 -98%% OF THE WORLD’S WATER IS NON-DRINKABLE • LESS THAN 2 -3% OF THE EARTH’S WATER IS FRESH AND DRINKABLE

SUSTAINABILITY • SUSTAINABLE: SOMETHING IS ABLE TO BE UPHELD/MAINTAINED OVER TIME • WHY CAN’T WE JUST TRANSPORT CANADA’S CLEAN WATER TO AREAS IN AFRICA WHERE CLEAN WATER IS NEEDED? • BECAUSE IT IS NOT SUSTAINABLE. • WE NEED TO FIND SUSTAINABLE WAYS TO HELP COMMUNITIES WITHOUT WATER • ACTIVITY: WRITE DOWN 5 SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO ACCESSING CLEAN DRINKING WATER

HOW CHARITIES HELP • ORGANIZATIONS LIKE CHARITY: WATER RAISES MONEY TO DRILL FOR WELLS IN AREAS WITHOUT WATER • 100% OF MONEY RAISED IS USED TO HELP WITH WATER PROJECTS

THERE IS A WATER CRISIS IN 3 RD WORLD COUNTRIES, BUT IS THERE A WATER CRISIS AT HOME? • CANADA OWNS 9% OF THIS RENEWABLE FRESH WATER • DO YOU THINK WE HAVE ANY WATER ISSUES IN CANADA?

WATER CRISIS AT HOME • CANADA’S COMMUNITIES: INTRODUCTION • HTTPS: //WWW. HRW. ORG/NEWS/2016/06/07/CANADA-WATER-CRISIS-PUTS-FIRST-NATIONSFAMILIES-RISK • CANADA’S COMMUNITIES: NESKANTAGA, ONTARIO • ONE OF CANADA’S MANY WATERLESS COMMUNITIES • HAVE BEEN ON A BOIL WATER ADVISORY FOR 20 YEARS • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=GSG 6 EUHFDDO • ACTIVITY: FILL OUT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: NESKANTAGA REVIEW FROM LAST WEEK • WHY ISN’T THE FUNDING ($250 000) USED FOR THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT? • IT DOESN’T PRODUCE CLEAN, DRINKABLE WATER • WHY DOES THE MINING PROPOSAL PUT THE COMMUNITY IN A TOUGH SITUATION? • THEIR LAND IS A PART OF WHO THEY ARE; THEY HAVE TO GIVE IT UP IN EXCHANGE FOR WATER • SHOULD WATER SIMPLY BE A HUMAN RIGHT? • WHAT DOES “ 3 RD WORLD RIGHT PROBLEM INSIDE OUR OWN COUNTRY” MEAN? • CANADIANS EXPERIENCE SIMILAR ISSUES AS THOSE WHO LIVE IN 3 RD WORLD COUNTRIES, SPECIFICALLY RELATING TO WATER.

WATER CYCLE & WATERSHEDS READ HANDOUT ABOUT THE CYCLING NATURE OF WATER

WHAT IS A WATERSHED? • AN AREA OR RIDGE OF LAND THAT SEPARATES WATERS FLOWING TO DIFFERENT RIVERS, BASINS, OR SEAS. • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=QORVOTZBNTO

WATERSHEDS • WHAT DOES OUR WATERSHED LOOK LIKE? • DO HUMANS INFLUENCE WATERSHEDS? • HOW DO WATERSHEDS RELATE TO WATER MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING?

PROTECTING CANADA’S DRINKING WATER: • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=TIDWVWUDWKW

REVIEW: HOW WE INFLUENCE OUR WATERSHEDS • WAYS WE HURT • USING TOXIC FARMING CHEMICALS AND CLEANING PRODUCTS (PESTICIDES, CHEMICALS, ETC. ) • LITTERING AND IMPROPERLY DISPOSING OUR RECYCLABLES • MINDLESSLY WASTING WATER • WAYS WE HELP • USING NON POLLUTING FARMING EQUIPMENT AND SUBSTANCES • PROPERLY DISPOSING OF OUR TOXIC ITEMS (SUCH AS PILLS, PAINT, RECYCLABLES, ETC. ) • CONSERVING WATER

HOW DO WATERSHEDS RELATE TO WATER MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING? • THE FOLLOWING FACTORS WILL AFFECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS • WATER LEVELS/QUANTITIES IN THE WATERSHED • THE LOCATIONS OF THE WATERSHED • THE POPULATION IN THE AREA OF THE WATERSHED • THE AMOUNT OF POLLUTION IN THE WATERSHED

WATER UNDERGROUND • HOW WELLS ARE BUILT • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=NHLC 9 ZGJJE 0 • AQUIFERS AND GROUNDWATER • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=ONWAERR_XEE

THE WATER TABLE

THE WATER TABLE

GROUNDWATER REVIEW • GROUND WATER EXISTS IN THE TINY GAPS BETWEEN SOIL AND SEDIMENT IN THE GROUND • A FULL BODY OF GROUNDWATER IS CALLED AN AQUIFER • WHEN YOU DIG A HOLE AT THE BEACH AND HIT WATER: YOU HAVE HIT THE WATER TABLE

HOW DO WE GET WATER FROM THE GROUND (AQUIFERS)? • WE DIG WELLS • IF WE TAKE FROM AQUIFERS FASTER THAN THEY CAN REPLENISH THEMSELVES, THE AQUIFERS WILL RUN DRY • HOW DOES POLLUTION ABOVE GROUND EFFECT WATER BELOW GROUND?

THE FLOW OF WATER • THE EARTH HAS A NATURAL FLOW OF WATER WITHIN EACH WATERSHED, BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE CHANGE THE FLOW OF WATER, OR STOP IT ALTOGETHER? • HOW DO HUMAN FACTORS (LIKE THE CREATION OF DAMS) CAUSE CHANGES IN THE WATER TABLE? • WATCHED: DAMNATION

DAMNATION REVIEW Pros Cons Building Dams - Hydroelectricity - Job creation - Harvesting natural energy - Destroying natural habitats - Not allowing for spawning - Altering natural watersheds & causing flooding - Creating dead zones in the water Destroyin g Dams - Restoring natural habitats - May have consequences (flooding) - Restoring natural waterways - Waste from destruction - Job loss

HUMAN CAUSES OF WATER TABLE CHANGES • OVERUSE OF WELLS • FARMING AND INDUSTRY PRACTICES (LIKE DAMS) • ALTERED NATURAL WATERWAYS AND HABITATS • CAUSED FLOODING IN SOME AREAS • COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DROUGHT IN OTHERS • FARMING AND INDUSTRY PRACTICES (CAUSING POLLUTION) • IMPACTS LEVEL OF POLLUTION IN OUR FRESH WATER SUPPLY • WHICH REQUIRES MORE WATER TREATMENT • WATER DIVERSION AND EXPORT

NATURAL CAUSES OF WATER TABLE CHANGES • FLOODING • DROUGHT • EARTHQUAKES • BUT COULD ANY OF THESE ”NATURAL” THINGS ACTUALLY BE DUE TO “UNNATURAL” OR HUMAN CAUSES?

HUMANS INFLUENCE OUR WATER SOURCE EVERYDAY • OUR FRESH WATER SOURCES ARE DECREASING • THE GREAT LAKES, ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST SOURCES OF FRESH WATER, IS BEING GREATLY AFFECTED • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=EWTU_FXGAQM

WATER SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • WAYS TO TREAT OUR WATER • BIOREMEDIATION • DESALINATION

BIOREMEDIATION • THE TECHNIQUE OF USING LIVING ORGANISMS TO CLEAN UP THE CONTAMINATION IN LAND WATER • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=SREM 6 SJEMPG

DESALINATION • THE PROCESS OF REMOVING SALT FROM WATER • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=AYSJ 7696 B 0 A&NOHTML 5=FALSE • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=MZ 7 BGKFGQJQ&NOHTML 5=FALSE

IN THE NEWS • FIND AN ARTICLE OR NEWS STORY ABOUT EITHER BIOREMEDIATION OR DESALINATION

BOTTLED WATER CLASS DISCUSSION: GRADED • HOW MANY OF YOU DRINK BOTTLED WATER • HOW OFTEN? • CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAP AND BOTTLE? • WHY DO PEOPLE DRINK BOTTLED WATER? • WHAT ARE SOME OF THE PROS AND CONS OF DRINKING BOTTLED WATER?

BOTTLED WATER VS. TAP WATER • READ SECTION 12. 2 (PAGE 346 -349)

BOTTLED WATER • WATCH VIDEOS RELATING TO BOTTLED WATER ISSUE: • FLOW, TAPPED, TRAILER: • HTTP: //WWW. WATERCACHE. COM/BLOG/2011/10/MUST-SEE-WATER-DOCUMENTARIESPROVIDE-INSIGHT-INTO-FUTURE-WATER-CRISIS/ • MANUFACTURING DEMAND: • HTTP: //WWW. WATERCACHE. COM/BLOG/2011/10/MUST-SEE-WATER-DOCUMENTARIESPROVIDE-INSIGHT-INTO-FUTURE-WATER-CRISIS/ • WATCH BOTTLED LIFE TRAILER: • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=CZFSWJX 4 YYA

BOTTLED WATER EXPERIMENT • GROUPS FORMED • REVIEW HANDOUT • BEGIN FILLING OUT EXPERIMENT DRAFT

WALKING FOR WATER: HOW FAR DO WOMEN AND CHILDREN HAVE TO GO? • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=5 DEZGVYY 14 W

STATES OF WATER (REVIEW) (SECTION 10. 1) • LIQUID • SURFACE WATER (OCEANS, LAKES, ETC. ) • GROUND WATER (WATER TABLE, AQUIFER, WELLS) • SOLID • MOUNTAIN GLACIERS • ICE SHEETS (LARGER GLACIER THAT COVERS LAND, SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS POLAR ICECAP). • GASEOUS • WATER VAPOR FROM EVAPORATION FROM LAKES, RIVERS, OCEANS

FACTORS THAT AFFECT SIZE OF GLACIERS AND POLAR ICE CAPS • ANNUAL PRECIPITATION • TEMPERATURE • CLIMATE CHANGE • WHAT ARE SOME WAYS CLIMATE CHANGE CAN AFFECT THIS? • WATCH PART OF CHASING ICE

• CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF BODIES OF WATER (10. 2) (HIGHLIGHT THESE POINTS IN YOUR READING) LARGE BODIES OF WATER MODERATE TEMPERATURE • HEAT CAPACITY: REFERS TO THE ABILITY OF A MATERIAL TO ABSORB HEAT • WATER HAS A HIGHER HEAT CAPACITY THAN AIR OR LAND • WATER TAKES LONGER THAN AIR OR LAND TO ABSORB HEAT, BUT HOLDS HEAT LONGER • IN YOUR NOTEBOOK, WRITE “POINTS HIGHLIGHTED IN READING” SO YOU KNOW WHERE TO LOOK WHEN YOU STUDY

HOW WATER MODERATES TEMPERATURE (HIGHLIGHT THESE POINTS IN YOUR READING) • DURING THE DAY • LAND GETS HOTTER THAN WATER • WARM AIR FROM LAND RISES, AND COOL AIR FROM OCEAN BLOWS IN TO REPLACE RISING AIR • AT NIGHT • AIR OVER THE LAND COOLS FASTER THAN AIR OVER THE WATER • WARMTH FROM THE OCEAN PROVIDES HEAT TO THE COOLER LAND • IN YOUR NOTEBOOK, WRITE “POINTS HIGHLIGHTED IN READING” SO YOU KNOW WHERE TO LOOK WHEN YOU STUDY

MICROCLIMATE • AN AREA WITH A SMALL, LOCALIZED CLIMATE VARIATION THAT DIFFERS FROM THE LARGER CLIMATE AREA AROUND IT • (SUCH AS AREAS AROUND BODIES OF WATER LIKE THE GREAT LAKES)

CLEARFORD: GUEST SPEAKER LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLLUTION CONTROL

TWO KINDS OF POINT SOURCE POLLUTION WASTE WATER • TREATED THROUGH WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT STORM WATER • MOST COMMON TREATMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL IS THROUGH GRIT CHAMBERS

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS • HOME IS BURIED SEWER PIPE SYSTEM UNDER THE ROADS • SEWERS ALL LEAD TO OTTAWA WWTP IN GLOUCESTER • WANT TO ENGINEER LOW COST SOLUTIONS

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS 3 KINDS OF TREATMENT • PHYSICAL • SEPARATING LIQUIDS, SOLIDS AND GASSES • USE GRAVITY WHEN POSSIBLE • CHEMICAL • ADD CHEMICALS LIKE CHLORINE TO KILL BACTERIA BEFORE DISCHARGING TO RIVER • USUALLY COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL PROCESS TO REMOVE POLLUTANT • BIOLOGICAL • MICROORGANISMS ABSORB AND METABOLIZE NUTRIENTS TO HELP THEM GROW AND REPRODUCE • PLANTS TAKE UP NUTRIENTS AND CONVERT THEM TO NEW PLANT GROWTH

STORM WATER DRAINS • MOST DIFFICULT THING TO CONTROL ABOUT STORM WATER IS THE QUANTITY OF WATER • LARGE VOLUMES OF RAIN MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO TREAT POLLUTANTS • UNCONTROLLED STORM WATER RUNOFF CARRIES POLLUTANTS INTO STREAMS • NEED TO HOLD IT LONG ENOUGH IN CHAMBERS TO ALLOW PHYSICAL TREATMENT

STORM WATER DRAINS • ENGINEERED SYSTEM STARTS WITH COLLECTION OF WATER • DRAIN COLLECTS WATER IN GRIT CHAMBERS OR STORMWATER POND • WATER IS SIFTED THROUGH SCREENS FOR LARGER SEDIMENT • POND AND CHAMBERS ARE BIG ENOUGH TO ALLOW TIME FOR • SUSPENDED SMALLER DUST PARTICLES TO SETTLE AT BOTTOM BEFORE DISCHARGING • OIL TO SETTLE ON TOP BEFORE DISCHARGING • SEE DIAGRAM ON BOARD*