Water Turbines u Primarily in France u Types

Water Turbines u Primarily in France u Types t Scoop Wheel t Tub Wheel t Reaction Wheel t Turbines w Axial w Reaction

Scoop Wheel u Small Installations on Creeks u Horizontal Wheel - Vertical Axis t Millstone u High Speed

Spoon (scoop) Wheel

Tub Wheels u Large Installations on Rivers and Dams u Required Small Fall & Large Volume u Wood Wheel with Helicoidal Paddles u Flume Generally Narrowed u Totally immersed in Water u Efficiency - 25 %

Tub Wheel

Reaction Wheel u Barker (1740 s) u Euler (1754) t Top Drum Stationary - Reservoir w Ensures Even Distribution of Incoming t Conical Drum with Tubes Rotates w Ensures Even Discharge u Mannoury d’Ectot t Water Input From Bottom t Never Built (1807)

Barker’s Water Engine (Early 18 th Century)

Euler’s Wheel (1754)

Mannoury d’Ectot’s Wheel Hydraulic Lever (1807)

Burdin (1820 s) u Water Wheel t Based on Euler’s Work t Stationary Reservoir t Inclined Nozzles - Alternating t Efficiency - 67% u Water Turbine t Stationary Reservoir & Revolving Casing t Guide Vanes on Reservoir & Rotor t Functions while Submerged t No Loss of Head

Burdin’s Wheel (Before 1827)

Burdin’s Turbine - Revolving Ring (1827)

Fourneyron u Studied Under Burdin u Societe d’Encouragement Award u Industrial Applications u Crank Controlled Sluice t Variable Flow u Efficiency - 70%

Fourneyron’s Turbine (1832)

Fourneyron’s Turbine Used in Industry

Fontaine-Baron u Stationary Reservoir u Lower Rotor u Complicated Sluice Device t Varied Height of Vanes u Later Brass Vanes Deflected Depending on Water Force

Fontaine-Baron’s Axial Turbine (1840)

Blades in Fontaine -Baron Turbine

Jonval- Koechlin u Opposite of Fourneyron and Fontaine t Rotor Above Stationary t Flowrate Through Turbine Constant u Turbine in Necked Down Conduit u Sluice Gate at Tailrace u Turbine Placed Anywhere in Fall Without Losing Power u Later a Diffuser Was Added to Recover Lost Power

Jonval-Koechlin’s Reaction Turbine

Jonval-Koechlin’s Reaction Turbine